Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is also named encephalomyelitis disseminata (ED). EAE has been also called experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, but the word `allergic` is more and more replaced by the word `autoimmune`. This has to do with the deeper understanding of the disease biology that has been gathered over the last ye...

The mononuclear phagocyte system, particularly dendritic cells, plays several pivotal roles in the development of multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Here, we demonstrate that functionally distinct dendritic cell subpopulations are present in the central nervous system during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. At peak experimental autoimmu...

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory, and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by the pathological infiltration of autoreactive leukocytes. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis serves as a disease model for human multiple sclerosis in mouse and rat (Conlon et al., 1999). Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is induced through sensitization with ne...

The objective of this study is to evaluate the activity of a novel peptide, i.e., bifunctional peptide inhibitor (BPI), which targets the immunological synapse and inhibits autoimmune responses in an antigen-specific manner. Proteolipid protein (PLP)-BPI was designed by conjugating two peptides, an encephalitogenic epitope of proteolipid protein (PLP(139-151)) and an intercellular adhesion mole...

The role of interferon (IFN)-γ in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), has remained as an enigmatic paradox for more than 30 years. Several studies attribute this cytokine a prominent proinflammatory and pathogenic function in these pathologies. However, accumulating evidence shows that IFN-γ also plays a protective role inducing regulat...

Mast cells (MCs) are best known as key immune players in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-dependent allergic reactions. In recent years, several lines of evidence have suggested that MCs might play an important role in several pathological conditions, including autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for MS. Since their fir...

Tensile creep of concrete at early ages is one of the important factors that affect the stress of restrained and partly restrained concrete. But only few data are available on tensile creep of concrete. The effect of ground slag on tensile creep was studied using lever-type tensile creep tester. Early age tensile basic creep of concrete loaded at the age of 3 days was researched. Results show t...

Predominance of multiple sclerosis (MS) in women, reductions of disease flares during pregnancy, and their increase in the postpartum period have suggested a hormonal influence on MS activity. The hormone prolactin (PRL) has long been debated as a potential immune-stimulating factor in several autoimmune disorders, including MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE...