During the early part of his career as an academic in 1660s Oxford, John Locke trained as a physician. Acquainted with some of the most brilliant researchers of his day— Robert Boyle, Thomas Willis, Richard Lower and Robert Hooke—and an active member of the scientific community, Locke was part of a generation that revolutionized natural philosophy. He never published a natural philosophical wor...

Dealing with episcopal culture in Milan during Lothar I’s age (822-855), that is the of Archbishop Angilbert II (824-859), a difficult task, because lack sources and uncertain origin many extant manuscripts. As matter fact, shared common cultural background his transalpine colleagues, but he had to face loss schools rebuild system which could also improve political role see detriment Pavia. Thi...

traditional calligraphy is known as one of the most valuable islamic arts which always contains unknown parts. one of these parts is uncommon and unknown scripts of manuscripts. in iran, given to the valuation of writing and manuscript as well as the presence of various art schools in different islamic centuries, many manuscripts have been written and collected which now many of these works are...

Snout shape is a prominent aspect of herbivore feeding ecology, interacting with both forage selectivity and intake rate. Previous investigations have suggested ruminant feeding styles can be discriminated via snout shape, with grazing and browsing species characterised by 'blunt' and 'pointed' snouts respectively, often with specification of an 'intermediate' sub-grouping to represent ambiguou...

kimia-ye sa'adat is the most important work of abu hamed mohammad ghazzali in persian which has been edited and published twice in iran: the first time in 1940/1319 š by ahmad aram, and the second time in 1982/1361 š by hossein khadiv jam who had already published the first half of the book in 1976/1355 š. this article seeks to study these two editions, especially the one by khadiv jam, and com...

interesting comments by earlier owners and readers. There are two appendices, one of documents, the other an up-to-date catalogue of Giovanni's manuscripts that supersedes those by Zazzeri and by Baader. Detailed attention is given to matters codicological, although information on Giovanni's scribes is not always easy to locate in the dense entries. Splendid photographs, of the library, of Giov...