Cavity-enhanced methods have been extended to fiber optics by use of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) as reflectors. High-finesse fiber cavities were fabricated from FBGs made in both germanium/boron-co-doped photosensitive fiber and hydrogen-loaded Corning SMF-28 fiber. Optical losses in these cavities were determined from the measured Fabry-Perot transmission spectra and cavity ring-down spectrosc...

Bonded silicon on insulator (BSOI) material provides an excellent solution for optical MEMS devices, which typically require optical surfaces with high flatness and low roughness to be combined with high quality mechanical parts and low power, high force microactuators. This paper will review a number of different approaches to optical MEMS, including surface tension self-assembly for 3D compon...

Inflatable membrane reflectors are attractive for deployable, large aperture, lightweight optical and microwave systems in micro-gravity space environment. However, any fabrication flaw or temperature variation may results in significant aberration of the surface. Even for a perfectly fabricated inflatable membrane mirror with uniform thickness, theory shows it will form a Hencky curve surface ...

BACKGROUND Linear-array-based photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) suffers from a limited view. Circular scanning does increase the detection view angle but is time-consuming. Therefore, it is desirable to increase the detection view angle of linear-array-based PACT without sacrificing imaging speed. METHODS Two planar acoustic reflectors placed at 120 degrees to each other were added to ...

Improvements and new developments for Leica's laser tracker make it suitable for measuring the relative position of two parts or components during the manufacturing process. This facility is made technically possible by the development of an Absolute Distance Meter (ADM), accurate to some 30 50 microns, as well as small, lightweight, wide-angle retro-reflectors known as Tooling Ball Reflectors ...

We demonstrate energy-conversion-efficiency (η) enhancement of silicon (Si) solar cells by the heterogeneous integration of an In(x)Ga(1-x)As nanowire (NW) array on the rear surface. The NWs are grown via a catalyst-free, self-assembled method on Si(111) substrates using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Heavily p-doped In(x)Ga(1-x)As (x ≈ 0.7) NW arrays are utilized as not only b...

Under misconfiguration or topology changes, iBGP with route reflectors exhibits a variety of ills, including routing instability, transient loops, and routing failures. In this paper, we consider the intra-domain route dissemination problem from first principles, and show that these pathologies are not fundamental–rather, they are artifacts of iBGP. We propose the Simple Ordered Update Protocol...

Fredkin’s Billiard Ball Model (BBM) is considered one of the fundamental models of collision-based computing, and it is essentially based on elastic collisions of mobile billiard balls. Moreover, fixed mirrors or reflectors are brought into the model to deflect balls to complete the computation. However, the use of fixed mirrors is “physically unrealistic” and makes the BBM not perfectly moment...

Long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (LW-VCSELs) are investigated using electro-thermal, optical, and electronic modeling. The strain-compensated InGaAsP multi-quantum-well active region of the device example is vertically sandwiched between various distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs). InP/InGaAsP, Si/Si02, and GaAs/AlAs mirrors are considered as well as novel combinations li...

A parametric loudspeaker can represent the audible sound to a narrow spatial area because of its sharper directivity. However, even in the parametric loudspeaker, acoustic reflections and intercepts become noise. To solve this problem, we have already proposed the audio spot design method based on separating emission of the carrier and sideband waves using multiple parametric loudspeakers. Howe...