EPS geofoam can be used to support highway bridge structures without the aid of deep foundations. The development of this technology is important to accelerate construction on soft compressible soil. EPS geofoam allows for the rapid construction of bridge foundations on such soils without the time and cost involved in installing traditional foundations. Because EPS geofoam is an extremely light...

Drug induced dystonic reactions are among common presentations of patients in emergency departments, and typically occur with antidopaminergic agents as their extra-pyramidal side effects. Dystonic reactions usually occur within the first few hours or days after commencing a drug or dose increase. Unlike other extra-pyramidal side effects, a patient may experience acute dystonic reactions (ADRs...

Japanese encephalitis (JE) was first recognised after an outbreak in Japan in 1924 that led to 6125 cases. Nearly, all the cases occur in children younger than 10 years, and more than 99% of infections are subclinical. After an incubation period of 4 to 14 days, the earliest symptoms are lethargy, nausea or abdominal pain, headache and fever. During a period of 2–3 days, lethargy increases and ...

BACKGROUND Extrapontine myelinolysis presenting with extra pyramidal features suggestive of parkinsonism may be a challenging clinical syndrome. Clinicians should maintain their vigilance while correcting electrolyte imbalances, especially with associated co-morbidity. CASE PRESENTATION A 41-year-old woman presented with acute parkinsonism like features while on a holiday. This followed slow ...

Cerebellar ataxias are a group of disabling neurological disorders. Patients exhibit a cerebellar syndrome and can also present with extra-cerebellar deficits, namely pigmentary retinopathy, extrapyramidal movement disorders, pyramidal signs, cortical symptoms (seizures, cognitive impairment/behavioural symptoms), and peripheral neuropathy. Recently, deficits in cognitive operations have been u...

Unani classical literature is a rich source of information for various clinical disorders but there is a wide gap between ancient and modern views of elaborating the pathophysiology. As far as Parkinsonism is concerned, it is a syndrome characterized by tremors, muscular rigidity, Bradykinesia and postural instability. After going through literature and historical review it is very much obvious...

Fahr's disease refers to a rare syndrome characterised by symmetrical and bilateral intracranial calcification. The basal ganglia are the most common site of involvement and most cases present with extra-pyramidal symptoms. We describe two men with Fahr's diseases who presented with prominent frontal lobe symptoms. The first man presented with frequent uncontrollable bursts of laughter and cryi...

Objective Postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) and epigastric pain (EPS) are the two main forms of functional dyspepsia (FD). Probiotics a promising therapy for FD, but current data remains heterogeneous. This work aims to evaluate probiotic combination Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LR04 (DSM 16605), Lactiplantibacillus pentosus LPS01 21980), plantarum LP01 (LMG P-21021), Lactobacillus delbrueck...

Experimental studies in nonhuman primates have questioned the selectivity of pyramidal tract damage in giving rise to the classical pyramidal syndrome in humans, characterized by permanent spastic hemiplegia (PSH). According to this view, concomitant injury of extrapyramidal pathways is necessary for the development of both hemiplegia and spasticity. In this study we used conventional magnetic ...

In the last two decades, the use of second generation antipsychotics has superseded first generation antipsychotics mainly because of their lower propensity to cause the troublesome extra-pyramidal side effects and claims of efficacy in treatment of negative and cognitive symptoms. But in last few years, various metabolic complications in the form of weight gain, glucose intolerance leading to ...