Abstract Biofilm is the most successful and widely distributed form of life on earth, it not simply structured collections cells attached to surfaces but a dynamic complex biological system able respond environmental changes. The biofilm characteristics make unique central microbial evolution adaptation. ability establish biofilms key trait for microorganisms growing in extreme environments lik...

Large companies were concerned about their supply chains with environmental and social sustainability disruption from natural disasters, conflict, trade disagreements even before the advent of COVID-19. The additional challenges presented by COVID-19 in 2020 are “extreme” being distinct chain risk that not just particular companies, but also entire societies affected. Therefore, it is appropria...