In this study, we explored the possibility that differences in pigmentation patterns among populations of the fish Poeciliopsis baenschi were associated with the presence or absence of the closely related species P. turneri. If reproductive character displacement is responsible, spotting patterns in these two species should diverge in sympatry, but not allopatry. We predicted that female P. bae...

Traits that mediate intraspecific social interactions may overlap in closely related sympatric species, resulting in costly between-species interactions. Such interactions have principally interested investigators studying the evolution of reproductive isolation via reproductive character displacement (RCD) or reinforcement, yet in addition to reproductive interference, interspecific trait over...

This study analyzes how 12 recent (2000-2011) Newbery Medal-winning books represent gender. The study counts how many of the books’ characters represent progressive or traditional gender roles, how many male and female characters represent each character category (protagonist, antagonist, major, and minor), how many strong female characters are accepted or rejected by their peers, how many char...

There is no reason given for the unification into one character. A unification of icons deploying a male vs. a female head or face is arguable for icons which denote a special profession or cultural role (like e-181 POLICE OFFICER or e-1B4 INFORMATION DESK PERSON). However, icons not denoting such a role are more likely to be associated with a concrete person, which is either male or female. Im...

A comparative study of the female cibarial armature of New World CuZex, subgenera Mehnoconion, Aedinus, Anoed-Coporpa, BeZkinomyia, Car~oZZia, Micraedes and TinoZestes has been made. In addition, the female cibarial armature of species representing other New World taxa, including subgenera CUZex, Lutzia and Neocuzex and genera Gakhdomyia and Deinocerites was also examined for comparative purpos...

ezzel-din manasereh is one of the contemporary and prominent poets of palestine whose newly comments in the realm of palestine and resistance poem have endued him with a special place in contemporary literature due to his modern delineation in critique. traditional characters and in particular mythical and folk female characters in ezzel-din’s poem have great vibrancy which inspire the poet und...

We review the occurrence of gynandromorphy in 64 species of bee, and describe the abnormal traits as deviations from the male or female wild-type. Phenodeviants occur at approximately equal frequency among the main body regions (head, thorax, metasoma). Cross-sex expression of character states occur more often among females (i.e. deviant expression of male-like traits) than among males (i.e. de...

Two new species of the genus Pachyseius are described from leaf litter in Turkey. Pachyseius destitutus sp. nov. is described based on the female, and P. quadrigeminus sp. nov. is described based on the female and male. These species have some uncommon character states for the genus, such as the absence of dorsal shield seta z1, four pairs of setae on the ventri-anal shield, and a male with a h...

Direct content analysis reveals important details about movies including those of gender representations and potential biases. We investigate the differences between male and female character depictions in movies, based on patterns of language used. Specifically, we use an automatically generated lexicon of linguistic norms characterizing gender ladenness. We use multivariate analysis to invest...