Rotigotine, a nonergot dopamine agonist, has been developed as a novel transdermal formulation. The rotigotine transdermal patch has received EMA and FDA marketing authorization for the treatment of adult patients with early or advanced Parkinson’s disease or with moderate-to-severe restless legs syndrome (RLS). This review comprises an overview of the pharmacokinetics, the pharmacodynamics and...

A prospective, double-blinded, positive-controlled, multicenter, noninferiority clinical study was conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a long-acting transdermal fentanyl solution (TFS) for the control of postoperative pain. Four hundred forty-five client-owned dogs of various breeds were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of TFS (2.6 mg/kg [∼50 μL/kg]) (N = 223) applie...

This study was designed to evaluate the utility of transdermal fentanyl (transdermal fentanyl, TDF) for the treatment of pain due to osteoarthritis (osteoarthritis, OA) of the knee and hip, which was not adequately controlled by nonopioid analgesics or weak opioids. WOMAC is a reliable, valid, and responsive multidimensional, self-administrated outcome measure designed specifically to evaluate ...

OBJECTIVE To deliver 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) in a relatively large dose through a transdermal route and facilitate the practical application of microemulison in transdermal drug delivery. METHODS The pseudo-ternary phase diagram for microemulsion regions was constructed using isopropyl myristate as oil phase, Labrasol(®) as surfactant, and Plurol(®) Oleique CC 497 as cosurfactant. A...

The fentanyl transdermal system (Duragesic) is an opioid analgesic indicated for the management of chronic moderate to severe pain. The purpose of this analysis is to estimate its economic value compared to two long-acting oral opioids. A cost-utility analysis was performed using a three-phased decision analytic model. The transdermal system had the highest expected cost during the first year o...