Nitrogen addition to soil can play a vital role in influencing the losses of soil carbon by respiration in N-deficient terrestrial ecosystems. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of different levels of nitrogen fertilization (HN, 200 kg N ha year; MN, 100 kg N ha year; LN, 50 kg N ha year) on soil respiration compared with non-fertilization (CK, 0 kg N ha year), from July 2007 to S...

This paper aims to overview recent insights in sperm surface remodelling pertinent to fertilization. A basic understanding of this remodelling is required to interpret the high amount of data appearing from high-throughput identification techniques for proteins presently applied in reproductive biology. From the extensive lists of protein candidates identified by proteomics, only a few are reco...

BACKGROUND The free androgen index (FAI) calculated using total testosterone measured by immunoassay does not correlate with oocyte fertilization rates; however, there is considerable cross-reactivity for testosterone with other androgens by immunoassay that is not found using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). AIMS This study was done to determine rel...

Ocean iron fertilization is currently discussed as a potential measure to mitigate climate change by enhancing oceanic CO2 uptake. Its mitigation potential is not yet well explored, and carbon offsets generated through iron fertilization activities could currently not be traded on regulated carbon markets. Still, commercial interests in ocean iron fertilization already exist, which underlines t...

Ocean iron fertilization is an approach to increase CO2 sequestration. The Indo-German iron fertilization experiment "LOHAFEX" was carried out in the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica in 2009 to monitor changes in bacterial community structure following iron fertilization-induced phytoplankton bloom of the seawater from different depths. 16S rRNA gene libraries were constructed using metage...

BACKGROUND The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is home to the vast grassland in China. The QTP grassland ecosystem has been seriously degraded by human land use practices and climate change. Fertilization is used in this region to increase vegetation yields for grazers. The impact of long-term fertilization on plant and microbial communities has been studied extensively. However, the influence of s...

At the time of fertilization, sea urchin eggs release a peroxidase which, together with H2O2 generated by a respiratory burst, is responsible for hardening of the fertilization membrane. We demonstrate here that the ovoperoxidase of unfertilized eggs is located in cortical granules and, after fertilization, is concentrated in the fertilization membrane. Fertilization of sea urchin eggs or their...

The nature of subfertility due to the male or inseminate is as complex as that of the female. Fertilization failure or failure in embryogenesis are both documented to be of seminal origin. Males also differ in the numbers of sperm required to reach their maximum fertilization rate. Males requiring more sperm would be considered to have compensable seminal deficiencies. These include a number of...

Fertilization involves a series of cellular interactions culminating in the fusion of gamete membranes, creating a zygote and then an embryo. During the process of human fertilization in vivo or in conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF), sperm must be capable of undergoing the acrosome reaction, binding to the zona pellucida (ZP), and penetrating the ZP to fuse with the oolema. The key role ...

abstract gatan has distributed in the main rivers in khoozestan province and there are few researches on propagation and reproductive system of this species. therefore, this study has focused on using of activating solutions on sperm activity and fertilization capability in gatan fish in comparison with grass carp. in this research, 5 activating solutions together with workshop water and distil...