Even though fetal growth restriction and macrosomia remain as major problems currently facing obstetricians, there is still no modality for the assessment of fetal soft tissue deposition and muscle mass in utero. A total of 52 fetuses from 29 to 41 weeks gestation were studied within 1 week before delivery using a transabdominal three-dimensional (3D) transducer (3.5 MHz). Their birth weights v...

OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors for macrosomic babies. METHODS This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in the University Teaching Hospital and the Central Hospital of Yaoundé (Cameroon) from October 1st, 2012 to March 31st, 2013. Women who gave birth to ≥4,000 or 3,000-3,499 g babies were recruited. Variables recorded were fetal sex and birth weight, gestational age, maternal...

BACKGROUND Current data on the rates of macrosomia in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are heterogenous. No study has specifically examined macrosomia rates in women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes. AIMS To compare the rates of macrosomia between mothers with diet-controlled GDM to mothers without diabetes mellitus. METHODS A retrospective study in which all patients...

PURPOSE To examine the impact of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on maternal-fetal outcomes in Manitoba. METHODS The rates of macrosomia, stillbirth, cesarean section (C/S) and shoulder dystocia (S/D) in 324,605 births in Manitoba during 1985-2004, and their relationships with diabetes and demographical factors were analyzed. RESULTS The incidence of macrosomia, stillbirth, C/S and S/D ...

BACKGROUND Infant or maternal injury during vaginal delivery is a constant threat to all involved, but difficult to predict. OBJECTIVE To estimate the risk of birth injuries in an institution favouring trial of vaginal birth when there was doubt of the best mode of delivery. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING University Hospital. POPULATION Singleton 14,359 vaginal deliveries ...

인터넷의 급속한 발전으로 사용자는 네트워크에 용이하게 접근할 수 있다. 이를 통하여, 서비스 공 급자로부터 특정의 서비스를 받거나 비밀 정보를 사전에 서버에 저장한 후 이를 나중에 다운로드 할 수 있다. 이때, 사용자는 자신이 정당한 사용자 임을 서버에게 확인시켜 주어야만 한다. 사용자의 신원(ID)을 검증하기 위하여, 많은 실세계 시스템 들은 패스워드-기반의 인증을 사용한다. 그러나 대부분의 사용자 패스워드는 상대적으로 작은 집 합 공간에서 선택되고 쉽게 기억될 수 있다는 근 본적인 문제점을 가지고 있는데, 이것은 곧 공격 자가 패스워드를 쉽게 추측해 낼 수 있음을 의미 한다. 로밍 사용자는 자신의 전용 단말기 이외의 단말기를 이용하여 네트워크에 접근하여 자신의 ID와 패스워드만을 가지고 원격의 서버...

Preconception and prenatal monitoring evaluate the condition of mother's underlying disease possible complications during pregnancy. Before conception, patients with diabetes should be informed that suboptimal glycoregulation is associated reduced fertility pregnancy losses. The task perinatologist in pregnancies affected by mellitus to prevent disease, such as hypoglycemic crises. Another impo...