International fi eld experiences offer exceptional opportunities for effective student learning in the geosciences. Over the 10 yr period between 1998 and 2008, more than 40 undergraduate students from 14 institutions participated in fi eld research investigating active tectonics on the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica. Three different project models were used: (1) a month-long summer research proj...

The mechanisms of increased rectal stiffness in women with fecal incontinence (FI) and rectal urgency are not understood. Our hypothesis was that distention-induced activation of mechanosensitive L-type calcium channels in smooth muscle contributes to increased rectal stiffness in FI. Anal pressures, rectal distensibility (compliance, capacity, and contractile response to sinusoidal oscillation...

The present study investigated whether blood lactate removal after supramaximal exercise and fatigue indexes measured during continuous and intermittent supramaximal exercises are related to the maximal muscle oxidative capacity in humans with different training status. Lactate recovery curves were obtained after a 1-min all-out exercise. A biexponential time function was then used to determine...

Given the recent increase in number of Nigerians estimated to be at risk food insecurity, it is crucial explore array tools used quantify insecurity (FI). This exploration will help determine prevalence and severity FI Nigeria. review explored scope research carried out Nigeria examine how design was quantified. A systematic performed compile accessible Nigerian studies. Seventy-nine studies we...

We compare the photoemission and electron energy loss spectra of crystalline poly(vinylidene-fl uoride with trifl uoroethylene: 70%: 30%), P(VDF–TrFE), fi lms, fabricated by the Langmuir–Blodgett technique and annealed in vacuum, with in situ thermally evaporated fi lms of poly(vinylidene-fl uoride) (PVDF) in vacuum. Th e electronic structure and vibrational modes of the short chain PVDF fi lms...

In [l] Bagchi and Bagchi conjectured that one of the hypotheses of their theorem 2(d) is superfluous. This turns out to be true: PROPOSITION. Let 4 = 9 mod 16 be a prime power such that 2 is a fourth power in Fq. Then 1 f fi are nonsquares in Fp. Pruc$ Let p be a primitive eighth root of unity in Fq (note that /3 is a nonsquare). Because of (02 + 1)2 = p4 + 202 + 1 = 202 we obtain that (0 * + 1...

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of food insecurity (FI) in families with elderly members and to describe their socio-demographic profile. The study focused on families with members aged 65 years or more (n = 195) participating in a household survey in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, in 2003. The Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, an adaptation of the USDA FI module, was used to...