OBJECTIVES Ligaments which heal spontaneously have a healing process that is similar to skin wound healing. Menopause impairs skin wound healing and may likewise impair ligament healing. Our purpose in this study was to investigate the effect of surgical menopause on ligament healing in a rabbit medial collateral ligament model. METHODS Surgical menopause was induced with ovariohysterectomy s...

BACKGROUND The medial collateral ligament provides valgus stability to the elbow. The purpose of the present study was to describe the pathoanatomy of acute traumatic medial collateral ligament ruptures and to report the rationale and results of direct repair. METHODS Between 1996 and 2006, eleven athletes presented with acute rupture of the medial collateral ligament of the elbow and no hist...

Reconstruction of the posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee is essential to restore knee joint function. Controversy exists regarding a standardized nomenclature, the connective attachments and the relationships between them, and the frequency of occurrence among all structures of the PLC. Thirty human cadaveric knee specimens were investigated. The lateral collateral ligament, popliteus tend...

The medial collateral ligament complex is the primary constraint of the elbow to valgus forces and is composed of the anterior bundle, the posterior bundle, and a transverse part. Total and partial ruptures have been described. Clinical and radiologic examinations of medial or valgus instability of the elbow are difficult. The effect of different stages of medial collateral ligament ruptures on...

BACKGROUND While the anatomy of the medial part of the knee has been described qualitatively, quantitative descriptions of the attachment sites of the main medial knee structures have not been reported. The purpose of the present study was to verify the qualitative anatomy of medial knee structures and to perform a quantitative evaluation of their anatomic attachment sites as well as their rela...

The ulnar collateral ligament stabilizes the elbow joint from valgus stress associated with the throwing motion. During baseball pitching, this ligament is subjected to tremendous stress and injury if the force on the ulnar collateral ligament during pitching exceeds the physiological limits of the ligament. Injuries to the throwing elbow in baseball pitchers result in significant time loss and...

Open dislocation of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint is relatively rare. We report a case of a 32-year-old man who had open dislocation of the PIP joint of the little finger while playing American football. He had a history of chronic radial collateral ligament injury. We reconstructed the radial collateral ligament with a half-slip of the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon.

The current study analyzed changes in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and lateral collateral ligament stress as a result of mechanical varus. In an exploratory pilot study, progressive mechanical varus was introduced to a male finite element model of the lower limb at different knee flexion angles. Nine situations were analyzed (combinations of 0°, 30°, and 60° knee flexion and 0°, 5°, and 10°...