Rural finance strategy / [by Mark Wenner]. p.cm. (Sustainable Development Department Sector strategy papers series ; RUR-104) Includes bibilographical references. Foreword This document builds on Bank efforts over the past year to define a strategy to carry out the mandates of the Eighth Replenishment related to the development of rural financial markets. The 1994 Agreement for the Eighth Reple...

The diversification (generating slightly varying separating discriminators) of Support Vector Machines (SVMs) for boosting has proven to be a challenge due to the strong learning nature of SVMs. Based on the insight that perturbing the SVM kernel may help in diversifying SVMs, we propose two kernel perturbation based boosting schemes where the kernel is modified in each round so as to increase ...

Biological diversity is known to play an important role in generating and maintaining ecosystem productivity and other functions, and has consequently become a central focus of many efforts to preserve ecosystem services. Theoretical parallels suggest the diversity of fishing fleets may have a similarly important role in determining the productivity and ecological impacts of fisheries, but this...

It is argued, that the National Bank of Romania should not be in the business of providing direct finance to agriculture. The entire system of support for agriculture, in particular the means of providing rural finance and credit needs to be reviewed, so that non-inflationary solutions may be found. This paper will discuss the necessary reforms (directions and modalities) of Romania’s financial...

Do preferences toward globalization strategies vary across publicfinance regimes? In this paper, we use data on individual preferences toward immigration and trade policy to examine how pre-tax and posttax cleavages differ across globalization strategies and state fiscal jurisdictions. High exposure to immigrant fiscal pressures reduces support for freer immigration among U.S. natives, especial...

Since its inception, litigation finance has steadily grown in prevalence and popularity in the United States. While many scholars have examined its merits, few have considered litigation finance specifically in the context of copyright law. This is most unfortunate, for there, a vicious cycle has taken hold: high litigation costs discourage many market participants from taking cases to trial or...

The concept of Islamic or Shariah-compliant finance is based on core tenets of Islam concerning property rights, social and economic justice, wealth distribution, and governance. One of the key features of the system is prohibition of riba (interest) and gharar (ambiguous contracts or deals) (Kabir and Mahlkrecht 2011, 74; El-Gamal 2009, 58–60). There is consensus among scholars that the prohib...

this article is based on a study done by professor fred weston. in this article the evolution of financial management concepts is explained . the history of financial ideas is presented in eight sections as follows: 1- an overview of central ideas of finance 2- historical review of the impact of economic developments on the content of the finance field. 3- the emergence of selected areas of fin...

Institut de Finance Mathematique de Montreal (IFM2), and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Kan gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada and the National Bank Financial of Canada. They also thank seminar participants at the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Singapore Management University, the Univers...