Secret police are generally viewed as key institutions in autocrats’ repression apparatus. However, we lack clear empirical evidence on the link between secret and repression. Instead, recent studies indicate that surveillance provided by reduces physical human rights abuses. This paper re-examines relationship state We identify four mechanisms linking these variables, deterrence, targeting, or...

Rising public debt everywhere has raised the question of how to reduce again in future. High also seems be an impediment for exit central banks from ultra-low interest rates and quantitative easing. Historical precedents proposals have included austerity, haircuts generation inflation. Each way advantages disadvantages, including uncertainty about effects side effects. We approach issue histori...

Different from many other branches of international economics, the literature on currency attacks and financial meltdown cannot quite rely at least not for the time being on a “NeoClassical” theoretical core, that is, on a widely accepted, formally elegant paradigm linking pervasive normative implications to rigorous behavioral microfoundations. But in the absence of a “Neo-Classical” synthesis...

Abstract Sex workers in the Netherlands experienced severe financial and social distress during COVID-19 health crisis. Notwithstanding them paying taxes over earnings, they were excluded from government support, faced discriminatory treatment concerning safe reopening, increased repression stigmatization. In this contribution, I explore whether concept of “vulnerability” contributes to underst...

Questions of the history political repression are an actual and topical topic, against background activities State Commission established by decision President Republic Kazakhstan K. Tokayev. The relevance topic proposed author is undeniable from point view his appeal to analysis stages formation beginning rehabilitation process period perestroika, archival revolution in USSR. research objectiv...

To what extent do current models apply to analyze soft repression? Research on repression is still under development, and due technological advancement, it necessary different types of in a way modify refine existing typologies. Drawing lessons learnt from Asian regional studies, this article aims discuss critically selected theoretical tools used study repression. It scrutinizes four that delv...

The IPO phenomenon is a hot issue based on the financial field of listed companies. China has underpricing, and underpricing new shares in much higher than that other countries. Unlike western countries, China's repression stronger, environment special, there are more retail investors stock market, which obviously influenced by emotions have strong herd mentality. negative impact capital market...

One of the measures taken by the 1979 Revolutionary Government of Iran was to denounce the mixed public-private ownership of the banking system of the pre-revolutionary era and implement a full scale banking nationalization and merging scheme. Since then the banking system has been operating under close supervision and scrutiny of the government - exercising its power to impose a variety of res...