OBJECTIVE Determine the prolonged effect of rapid response team (RRT) implementation on failure to rescue (FTR). DESIGN Longitudinal study of institutional performance with control charts and Bayesian change point (BCP) analysis. SETTING Two academic hospitals in Midwest, USA. PARTICIPANTS All inpatients discharged between 1 September 2005 and 31 December 2010. INTERVENTION Implementati...

BACKGROUND Numerous studies have examined cross-sectional data to determine the relationships between nurse staffing and patient outcomes. Questions have been raised about some of the studies now in the literature regarding the use of the hospital as the unit of analysis and the cross-sectional design of the studies. Additionally, there is a concern that the primary outcomes being studied are n...

Intravital two-photon microscopy was used to follow the uptake and trafficking of fluorescent conjugates of folic acid in the rat kidney. Intravenously administered folate-linked dye molecules quickly filled the plasma volume but not cellular components of the blood. Glomerular filtration occurred immediately and binding to proximal tubule cells was seen within seconds. Fluorescence from a pH-i...

Background and Objectives Morbidity and mortality have been shown to increase several-fold in patients who have undergone bariatric surgery and returned to the operating room after their initial procedures. Failure-to-rescue (FTR) analyses allow for an understanding of patient management and outcomes that is more distinguished than assessments of adverse occurrences and mortality rates alone. T...

This paper explores the interaction between long run economic growth, financial development, and intellectual property rights through a general equilibrium, over-lapping generation, infinite horizon, endogenous R&D model with heterogeneous agents. I find that a reduced collateral constraint leads to both an ability to engage more heavily in research and a reduced incentive to engage in research...

We present an integrated framework for the study of the international financial economy with trade, fiat money, monetary and fiscal policy, endogenous default and regulation. Money is introduced via a cash-in-advance requirement and real trade is endogenous. The standard international finance pricing results obtain. Market incompleteness and positive default in equilibrium allow for the study o...

The analyses in this appendix investigate the sensitivity of my results to alternate ways of measuring a language’s FTR structure. In section 42 and in the published appendix of the main paper I discuss two alternatives to the strong vs. weak FTR dichotomy. Investigating how my results change when these alternative measures are used can be thought of as a robustness test of the binary dichotom...

Transmission pricing has become a central issue in the discussions regarding the redesign of deregulated electricity markets. In that frame, open access to the transmission system is one of the fundamental topics to allow competition among agents in the energy market. Although transmission systems costs represent close to 10% of the energy market price, they have a significant impact on relativ...