Abstract The impact of ambient particulate matter (PM) on public health has become a great global concern, which is especially prominent in developing countries. For purposes, PM typically defined by size, with the smaller particles having more impacts. Particles diameter <2.5 μm are called 2.5 . Initial research studies have focused respiratory and cardiovascular diseases; nevertheless, an ...

Considerable attention has been given to the health effects of ambient air borne particulate matter as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) revises the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Much of the recent focus has been on the effects of fine particles, with the establishment of additional monitoring platforms to measure both fine and coarse particles for epidemiological stud...

Diesel exhaust particles are a complex mixture of thousands of gases and fine substances that contain more than 40 different environmental contaminants. Being exposed to these exhaust particles (called soot) can cause lung damage and respiratory problems. Diesel particulate filters are used in many countries for mobile sources as a legal obligation to decrease harmful effect of these fine pa...

A survey was conducted to effectively investigate the characteristics of airborne particulate pollutants PM10 and PM2.5 during the peak tourist season at Mount Wutai Buddhism scenic spot, Shanxi, China. Characteristics of the PM10 and PM2.5 in Wu Ye Temple (core incense burners), Manjusri Temple (a traffic hub), Yang Bai Lin Village (a residential district), and Nan Shan Temple (located in a pr...

Background—Long-term exposure to fine-particulate-matter (PM2.5) air pollution may accelerate the development and progression of atherosclerosis. We investigated the associations of long-term residential exposure to traffic and fine particulate matter with the degree of coronary atherosclerosis. Methods and Results—We used baseline data on 4494 participants (age 45 to 74 years) from the German ...

BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to fine-particulate-matter (PM2.5) air pollution may accelerate the development and progression of atherosclerosis. We investigated the associations of long-term residential exposure to traffic and fine particulate matter with the degree of coronary atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS We used baseline data on 4494 participants (age 45 to 74 years) from the Germa...

When estimating the effect of an exposure or treatment on an outcome it is important to select the proper subset of confounding variables to include in the model. Including too many covariates increases mean square error on the effect of interest while not including confounding variables biases the exposure effect estimate. We propose a decision-theoretic approach to confounder selection and ef...

The phosphorus content of fluvial sediment (suspended sediment and the < 63 microm fraction of floodplain and channel bed sediment) has been examined in contrasting rural (moorland and agricultural) and industrialized catchments in Yorkshire, UK. The River Swale drains a rural catchment with no major urban and industrial areas, and the total phosphorus (TP) content of fluvial sediment is genera...

A large dataset for PM2.5 and PMcoarse (PM2.5-10) concentrations monitored near a busy London highway (Marylebone Road) has been analyzed to define the factors that lead to high concentrations. The following have been highlighted as major influencing parameters: wind speed, prevailing wind direction (because of its role on the microscale dispersion within the street), the daily cycle of the atm...