We suggest a modification of the operator exponential method for the numerical solving the difference linear initial boundary value problems. The scheme is based on the representation of the difference operator for given boundary conditions as the perturbation of the same operator for periodic ones. We analyze the error, stability and efficiency of the scheme for a model example of the one-dime...

We present an infrared adaptation of the Cluster Red-Sequence method. We modify the two filter technique of Gladders & Yee (2000) to identify clusters based on their R − [3.6] color. We apply the technique to the 4 degree Spitzer First Look Survey and detect 123 clusters spanning the redshift range 0.09 < z < 1.4. Our results demonstrate that the Spitzer Space Telescope will play an important r...

Article history: Received 25 January 2013 Received in revised form 8 February 2014 Accepted 20 March 2014 Available online 25 March 2014

ii Abstract (in Finnish) iiiin Finnish) iii

SUMMARY Metamaterials are generally defined as a class of artificial effective media which macroscopically exhibit extraordinary electromagnetic properties that may not be found in nature, and are composed of periodically structured dielectric, or magnetic, or metallic materials. This paper reviews recently developed electromagnetic modeling methods of metama-tericals and their inherent basic i...

We consider a time-dependent problem of scattering by an obstacle involving the solution of the two dimensional Maxwell’s equations in the exterior of a domain with a perfectly conducting condition on the boundary of this domain. We propose a novel fictitious domain method based on a distributed Lagrange multiplier technique for the solution of this problem. Perfectly matched layers are constru...

Microwave heating–drying of wood using a wave guide is a relatively new area of research. In order to gain insight into the phenomena that occur within the wave guide together with the temperature distribution in the wood, a detailed knowledge of absorbed power distribution is necessary. In this paper, a two dimensional numerical model is developed to predicted the distribution of electromagnet...