This paper presents a simple method based on strain energy density criterion to study the crack initiation angle by finite element method under biaxial loading condition. The crack surface relative displacement method is used to eliminate the calculation of the stress intensity factors which are normally required. The analysis is performed using higher order four node quadrilateral element. The...

In this paper the heating process in a box annealing unit is simulated and the effect of various parameters involved in the process is examined. For this purpose, the full Naiver-Stokes equations along with the standard k- turbulence model are solved in the fluid region using the finite volume approach. In the solid area the conduction heat transfer equation is employed using approporate surfac...

We consider a homological enlargement of the mapping class group, defined by homology cylinders over a closed oriented surface (up to homology cobordism). These are important model objects in the recent Goussarov-Habiro theory of finite-type invariants of 3-manifolds. We study the structure of this group from several directions: the relative weight filtration of Dennis Johnson, the finite-type ...

In this paper we find, for any arbitrary finite topological type, a compact Riemann surface M, an open domain M ⊂ M with the fixed topological type, and a conformal complete minimal immersion X : M → R3 which can be extended to a continuous map X : M → R3, such that X|∂M is an embedding and the Hausdorff dimension of X(∂M) is 1. We also prove that complete minimal surfaces are dense in the spac...