The majority of British textile finishing firms discharge their waste water to sewers for treatment by local authorities, and their problems are mainly those of pretreatment torender the wastes acceptable, by removal of alkali or acid, and other materials that are prohibited. Firms discharging to watercourses have to purify the waste water to a high standard before discharge and this usually in...

Two experiments were conducted in 200-m earthen ponds at Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand, for 87 days to test the feasibility of an integrated pen-cum-pond system, which utilizes wastes from intensive culture of hybrid catfish (Clarias macrocephalus C. gariepinus) as nutrients for semi-intensive culture of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This integrated pen-cum-pond system enhance...

Leather industry, one of the polluting industries because of generation of huge amount of liquid and solid wastes, also emits obnoxious smell because of degradation of proteinous material of skin and generation of gases such as NH3, H2S and CO2. Solid wastes are raw trimmings, fleshings, chrome shavings, buffing dusts and keratin wastes. Accumulation of these wastes lead to sludge problem and c...

Medical wastes include all infectious waste, hazardous (including low-level radioactive) wastes, and any other wastes that are generated from all types of health care institutions, including hospitals, clinics, doctor (including dental and veterinary) offices, and medical laboratories (42). 1 The main focus of concern has been on the portion of medical wastes that are defined as infectious, and...

Fish proteins are found in the flesh, head, frames, fin, tail, skin and guts of the fish in varying quantities. Unutilized fish and fish processing waste can be used to produce fish proteins which contain amino acids and many bioactive peptides. After removing the fish flesh during the fish processing operation, all other parts are considered wastes which are not properly utilized. The aim of t...

In opposition to toxicology of mammals piscine toxicology is closely connected with the conditions of external environment. The aquatic environment is necessary for embryonic development and after hatching during short or long-lasting larval period of most fish species. An aquatic environment is polluted by many industrial and agricultural wastes. Ammonia as a toxic and common compound in water...

The liquid wastes produced during the processing of radioactive materials at the Savannah River Site were initially stored in large underground tanks constructed of carbon steel. These liquid wastes were generated from the Purex process (for producing plutonium) and the HM process (for producing tritium). The liquid wastes were designated as high-level wastes and lowlevel wastes. As the product...

Construction and Demolition (C&D) wastes contribute the highest percentage of wastes worldwide (75%). Furthermore, ceramic materials contribute the highest percentage of wastes within the C&D wastes (54%). The current option for disposal of ceramic wastes is landfill. This is due to unavailability of standards, avoidance of risk, lack of knowledge and experience in using ceramic wastes in const...