The faults of rotating machinery monitored by fixing the sensors on rotor directly brings some problems such as difficulty in fixing the sensors, poor universality and so on, while it brings some advantages such as rapidness, convenience and good universality and so on by fixing the sensors on the base. Since the base is far away from the fault source, the collected vibration signals are relati...

the increasing and unlimited cases of burdensome dowries beyond the husband's solvency, leading finally to the enforcement of dowry and divorce, had led some commentators to fix a certain maximum for dowry. the authors, in this article, intend to find a proper theory to resolve this matrimonial problem through reviewing the earlier and later islamic jurisprudents’ opinions. although according t...

The fixing number of a graph G is the minimum cardinality of a set S ⊂ V (G) such that every nonidentity automorphism of G moves at least one member of S, i.e., the automorphism group of the graph obtained from G by fixing every node in S is trivial. We provide a formula for the fixing number of a disconnected graph in terms of the fixing numbers of its components and make some observations abo...

We study gauge fixing in the generalized Gupta-Bleuler quantization. In this method physical states are defined to be simultaneous null eigenstates of a set of quantum invariants. We apply the method to a solvable model proposed by Friedberg, Lee, Pang and Ren and show that no Gribov-type copies appears by construction. Gauge fixing is significant in quantization of gauge theories. Gribov ambig...

1. An electrophoretic study has been made of normal mouse serum, influenza mouse serum, and influenza mouse lung suspension. The mobilities of the protein fractions present have been determined at various pH's by the optical method. 2. The pH-mobility curve of the soluble (complement-fixing) antigen present in the lung suspension has been determined analytically by sampling and application of t...

Current algorithms used to put a lattice gauge configuration into Landau gauge either suffer from the problem of critical slowing-down or involve an additional computational expense to overcome it. Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs), which have been widely applied to other global optimisation problems, may be of use in gauge fixing. Also, being global, they should not suffer from critical slowing-do...

We show that a given set of first class constraints becomes abelian if one maps each constraint to the surface of other constraints. There is no assumption that first class constraints satisfy a closed algebra. The explicit form of the projection map is obtained at least for irreducible first class constraints. Using this map we give a method to obtain gauge fixing conditions such that the set ...

The fungal cell wall viewed through the electron microscope appears transparent when fixed by the conventional osmium tetroxide method. However, ruthenium tetroxide post-fixing has revealed new details in the ultrastructure of Penicillium sp. hyphae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. Most significant was the demonstration of two or three opaque diverse electron dense layers on the cell wall of...

The topic of this paper are integer programming models in which a subset of 0/1-variables encode a partitioning of a set of objects into disjoint subsets. Such models can be surprisingly hard to solve by branch-and-cut algorithms if the order of the subsets of the partition is irrelevant. This kind of symmetry unnecessarily blows up the branchand-cut tree. We present a general tool, called orbi...