BACKGROUND Takeaway food has a relatively poor nutritional profile. Providing takeaway outlets with reduced-holed salt shakers is one method thought to reduce salt use in takeaways, but effects have not been formally tested. We aimed to determine if there was a difference in sodium content of standard fish and chip meals served by Fish & Chip Shops that use standard (17 holes) versus reduced-ho...

For clinical purposes the activities of Na+ and K+ obtained with ion-selective electrodes in undiluted whole blood or serum should be multiplied by an appropriate factor to obtain the same values as the substance concentrations obtained by flame photometry. The factor is primarily dependent on the mass concentration of water in normal plasma divided by the molal activity coefficient of Na+ (or ...

Manual procedures suitable for use on standard benchtop spectrophotometers have been developed for the enzymatic determination of Na+ and K+ in serum. Both assays require only minimal modification of reagents already available for BM/Hitachi analyzers and are performed in an endpoint mode, allowing up to 20 assays per run. The addition of a stop reagent is required--dipotassium EDTA for the Na+...

The popularity of tattoos has increased tremendously in the last 10 yr particularly among athletes and military personnel. The tattooing process involves permanently depositing ink under the skin at a similar depth as eccrine sweat glands (3-5 mm). PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the sweat rate and sweat Na concentration of tattooed versus nontattooed skin. METHODS The part...

The macular carotenoids lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) are obtained via diet and accumulate in the central retina where they are referred to as macular pigment. The density of this biomarker (macular pigment optical density; MPOD) has been positively correlated with cognitive functioning via measures of global cognition, processing speed, and visual-spatial abilities, among others. Although impr...

Material and Methods: The study was designed as cross sectional observational study. 200 senile cataract patients scheduled for cataract surgery in the Department of Ophthalmology and 200 individuals of the same age group without cataract were selected. Mean serum sodium and potassium levels in the senile cataract group were calculated and compared with the control group. Serum sodium and potas...

CONTEXT Sweat sodium losses have never been reported in a large cohort of American football players. OBJECTIVE To compare sweat rates (SwtRs), sweat sodium concentrations (SwtNa(+)), and sodium losses in 3 groups of players (backs and receivers [BK], linebackers and quarterbacks [LB/QB], and linemen [LM]) to determine if positional differences and, therefore, size differences exist. DESIGN ...

The convenience and accuracy of flame photometric determinations of sodium and potassium in biological fluids (1, 2) have suggested the desirability of extending these advantages to determinations of calcium. Since calcium emission lines are much less intense than those of sodium and potassium (3), the samples of diluted serum (1: 50) customarily used for sodium and potassium determinat.ions ar...

We evaluated the IL Monarch random-access centrifugal analyzer for measurement of Na+, K+, and Cl- by an indirect potentiometric method. For different concentrations of control material, the total precision (CV) ranged between 0.82% and 1.14% for the three electrolytes; linearity was acceptable within a range of 103 to 215 mmol/L for Na+, 1.6-15.25 mmol/L for K+, and 80-173 mmol/L for Cl-. Data...