Bales of cotton were classified by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) code regulations as a flammable solid (Class 4.1), which required hazardous goods papers to accompany waterborne shipments. Various scientific investigations were conducted to evaluate the flammability hazard of bales of cotton to determine if this hazardous designation was valid. Cigarette (NFPA 261/ ASTM E1352), ...

As the energy density of state-of-the-art lithium (Li)-ion batteries (LIBs) increases, safety concern LIBs using liquid electrolytes is drawing increasing attention. Flammability a critical link overall performance and Li metal batteries. For this reason, intensive efforts have been devoted to suppressing flammability electrolytes. In short review, common approaches reduce nonaqueous will be su...

The combustion process of polymers is a complex coupling of energy feedback from a flame to the polymer surface with gasification of the polymer to generate combustible degradation products. Although there are extensive studies of the effects of wind velocity, gas phase oxygen concentration, external thermal radiation, and gravity on the combustion of polymers, the effects of polyruer character...

Considering the importance of determining potential hazards and factors that can cause anunexpected fire and due to the important role of nanotechnology to achieve more effectiveproperties, this paper presents our experiments on preparing nanocomposites based onPoly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET) and montmorillonite (MMT) as organoclay via meltblending with different clay loadings to investigate ...

A computational study is performed to investigate the effects of hydrogen addition on the fundamental characteristics of stretched methane/air premixed flame in an opposed flow configuration. The problem is of interest as a potential application to gas turbines and spark-ignition engines, where it has been anticipated that addition of a small amount of hydrogen will extend the lean flammability...

Standardized testing procedures and experimental studies in fire safety science specify repeat trials an effort to minimize the impact of statistical variation on presented results. Bench-scale flammability typically require a constant number – generally total three across all conditions. A series experiments was conducted quantify influence trial quantity Cone Calorimeter results; sets 100 ide...

Polyimide-graphene composites were synthesized by in-situ condensation polymerization and the thermal stability decomposition behavior of studied. Polyimides, because their aromatic backbone, are a class fire-retardant polymers. Their high char retention ≥50% at testing temperatures ≥600 °C makes them thermally stable The effect nanographene sheets on polyimide is presented in this paper. It sh...