SIGNIFICANCE Recent breakthroughs in mitochondrial research have advanced, reshaped, and revolutionized our view of the role of mitochondria in health and disease. These discoveries include the development of novel tools to probe mitochondrial biology, the molecular identification of mitochondrial functional proteins, and the emergence of new concepts and mechanisms in mitochondrial function re...

Limulus ventral photoreceptors were voltage clamped to the resting (dark) potential and stimulated by a 20-ms test flash and a 1-s conditioning flash. At a constant level of adaptation, we measured the response to the test flash given in the dark (control) and the incremental response produced when the test flash occurred within the duration of the conditioning flash. The incremental response i...

The wear leveling is a critical factor which significantly impacts the lifetime and the performance of flash storage systems. To extend lifespan and reduce memory requirements, this paper proposed an efficient wear leveling without substantially increasing overhead and without modifying Flash Translation Layer (FTL) for huge-capacity flash storage systems, which is based on selective replacemen...

NAND-flash storage is a preferred method to accelerate I/O intensive applications because of its high throughput and fast random-read performance. However, the high cost per GB of flash, relative to magnetic disks, prevents large datacenters from moving their data entirely onto the flash media. Normally, limited amounts of flash is used “in front of” magnetic storage to speed up accesses to the...

Currently, two different solutions for filesystems on flash storage exist: Flash Translation Layers in combination with traditional filesystems and log-structured flash file systems. This paper analyzes the weaknesses of both approaches and derives a number of requirements that help avoiding these weaknesses. Finally the basic concept of a tree structured flash file system fulfilling all of the...

We report data from eight participants who made alignment judgements between a moving object and a stationary, continuously visible 'landmark'. A reversing object had to overshoot the landmark by a significant amount in order to appear to reverse aligned with it. In addition, an adjacent flash irrelevant to the judgment task reliably increased this illusory 'foreshortening'. This and other resu...

Abstract NAND flash memory is one of the most aggressively scaled technologies among electronic devices recently. The massive increase in the capacity makes flash memory possible for enterprise applications, such as the database system. However, the characteristic of erase-before-write makes flash memory very challenging for the database management. A non-in-place update technique may be exploi...

The human cone electroretinogram (ERG) to flash trains and double flashes at different interflash intervals was studied. A double ganzfeld stimulator was used in which computer controlled flashes were presented independently in the presence of strong rod saturating backgrounds. Corneal ERGs were examined at different frequencies of flash train presentations. Flash trains with individual flashes...

Briefly flashed visual stimuli presented during smooth object- or self-motion are systematically mislocalized. This phenomenon is called the "flash-lag effect" (Nijhawan, 1994). All previous studies had one common characteristic, the subject's sense of motion. Here we asked whether motion perception is a necessary condition for the flash-lag effect to occur. In our first experiment, we briefly ...

Adobe Flash can be used to run complex psychological experiments over the Web. We examined the reliability of using Flash to measure reaction times (RTs) using a simple binary-choice task implemented both in Flash and in a Linux-based system known to record RTs with millisecond accuracy. Twenty-four participants were tested in the laboratory using both implementations; they also completed the F...