BACKGROUND Neurologic deficits after apparent intrathecal injection of 3% Nesacaine-CE intended for epidural administration created concern about the potential toxicity of chloroprocaine and the preservative sodium bisulfite. Although bisulfite-free formulations of chloroprocaine were subsequently introduced into clinical practice, the relative toxicities of this anesthetic and preservative wer...

To test the hypothesis that baroreceptor reflexes are involved in the reduced nociceptive responses associated with hypertension, the effects of acute intravenous doses of serotonin (0.75-144 micrograms/kg) on inhibition of the tail-flick reflex, blood pressure, and heart rate were examined in lightly pentobarbital-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley, Wistar-Kyoto, and spontaneously hypertensive rats b...

We have studied rats with chronically implanted subarachnoid catheters. Xylazine, an alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist, was injected intrathecally and nociceptive thresholds measured at two skin sites: the tail and the neck. Intrathecal xylazine (dose range 24.3-389 nmol) produced increases in electrical thresholds for nociception in the tail without any change in the neck; this observation suggeste...

Distributed applications are complex by nature, so it is essential that there be effective software development tools to aid in the construction of these programs. Commonplace “middleware” tools, however, often impose a tradeoff between programmer productivity and application performance. For instance, many CORBA IDL compilers generate code that is too slow for high-performance systems. More im...

Duloxetine, a selective but balanced serotonergic and noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor, was evaluated in the acute nociceptive pain models of tail flick and hot plate in mice and in the persistent and/or inflammatory pain models of acetic acid-induced writhing in mice, carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in rats, and capsaicin-induced mechanical allodynia in rats. ...