All tests were carried out on a very lightly loaded machine with a 64-bit Intel “Haswell” CPU (Intel Xeon CPU E5-2698 v3 at 2.30GHz) with plenty of memory (over 250GB). The operating system was Cent OS. The compiler was gcc v4.8.5. We compared NTL v9.9.1 with FLINT v2.5.2. These were both built using GMP v6.1.0. All of these were the most recent releases of these packages at the time we carried...

ABSTRACT Five tropical maize lines were tested and compared with the susceptible control line B73 for resistance to Maize stripe virus (MStV) and Maize mosaic virus (MMV), both propagatively transmitted by the planthopper Peregrinus maidis (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Resistance to each virus was evaluated separately by artificial inoculations with planthoppers viruliferous for either one virus or...

As the Flint community endeavors to recover and move forward in the aftermath of the Flint water crisis, distrust of scientific and governmental authorities must be overcome. Future community engagement in research will require community-level protections ensuring that no further harm is done to the community. A community ethics review explores risks and benefits and complements institutional r...

Natural selection is a phenomenon, which allows nature to select at any point in time the structure and number of organism living in a particular habitat [1]. This competitive tendency has been shown and reported by several authors Bonner [2], Grummer et al. [3], Evenari (1961), Whittaker [4], Putman and Duke [5], and Fischer et al. [6]. Allelopathic behaviour can best be described as direct or...

During April 25, 2014-October 15, 2015, approximately 99,000 residents of Flint, Michigan, were affected by changes in drinking water quality after their water source was switched from the Detroit Water Authority (DWA), sourced from Lake Huron, to the Flint Water System (FWS), sourced from the Flint River.* Because corrosion control was not used at the FWS water treatment plant, the levels of l...

The FLINT project at Yale aims to build a state-of-the-art systems environment for modern type-safe languages. One important component of the FLINT system is a high-performance type-directed compiler for SML'97 (extended with higher-order modules). The FLINT/ML compiler provides several new capabilities that are not available in other type-based compilers: type-directed compilation is carried o...