A free space optical (FSO)/radio frequency (RF) dual mode communication transmitter using a LED integrated within the geometry of a planar patch antenna on a shared substrate is demonstrated. An experimental FSO link is constructed with a bare die visible LED and a commercial silicon photodetector. The antenna radiating at a centre frequency of 10 GHz, provides a simultaneously operated backup ...

Recently, a combination of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and free-space optics (FSO) has been investigated as potential method for high data-rate front-haul communication links. The aim this work was to address the performance UAV-to-ground station-based FSO communications in terms symbol error rate (SER). system proposes utilizing subcarrier intensity modulation an avalanche photo-diode (APD...

Free space optical (FSO) also known as free space photonics (FSS) is a technology widely deployed in Local Area Network (LAN), Metro Area Network (MAN), and in Inter & Intra chip communications. However satellite to satellite and other space use of FSO requires further consideration. Although FSO is highly beneficial due to its easy deployment and high security in narrow beam as well as market ...

Typhus fever has occurred globally as epidemic and endemic disorders. In 1910, Brill reported a typhus-like illness which Zinsser and others determined to be recurrent epidemic typhus fever. Maxcy, in 1926, proposed rodents and fleas as reservoir and vector, respectively, of endemic typhus, which Dyer confirmed in 1930. Animals experimentally infected with epidemic typhus (Rickettsia prowazeki)...

Flaxseed (FS) has been shown to attenuate mammary tumorigenesis, possibly due to its high α-linolenic acid (ALA)-rich oil (FSO) content. This study determined the effect of FSO on the growth of estrogen receptor-positive human breast tumors (MCF-7) in ovariectomized athymic mice at high premenopausal-like estrogen (E2) levels. Mice with established MCF-7 tumors were fed basal diet (control) or ...

A new transmission and detection technique namely Dual Diffuser Modulation (DDM) for free space optical (FSO) communication systems is proposed. FSO communication systems can provide the line-of-sight optical transmission with low cost and good security. However, the distance dependent atmospheric turbulence and path-loss affect widespread use of FSO systems and limit their application to short...