Modal logics extend classical logic with the modalities ”it is necessarily true that” and ”it is possibly true that” represented by the unary operators 2 and 3, respectively. First-order modal logics (FMLs) extend propositional modal logics by domains specifying sets of objects that are associated with each world, and the standard universal and existential quantifiers [7]. FMLs have many applic...

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by Leishmania infantum in Mediterranean basin and is an endemic disease in some parts of Iran. Canines are the main reservoirs of VL in most of the endemic areas. Different serological methods have been introduced for diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Objective: In this survey a Fucose-Mannose Ligand (FML) ELISA, using native L. ...

Leg movement during cycling is constrained to the pedal/crank path and predominantly occurs in a sagittal plane. Medial-lateral force (FML) applied pedals considered as waste does not contribute pedaling. The aim of this study was examine changes FML across different cadences workloads, correlation with lateral knee (Q-angle). Twenty-two cyclists completed six trials at three workloads (2, 2.5 ...

In order to provide comprehensive listening behavior, virtual humans engaged in dialogue need to incrementally listen, interpret, understand, and react to what someone is saying, in real time, as they are saying it. In this paper, we describe an implemented system for engaging in multiparty dialogue, including incremental understanding and a range of feedback. We present an FML message extensio...

This paper describes an international effort to unify a multimodal behavior generation framework for Embodied Conversational Agents (ECAs). We propose a three stage model we call SAIBA where the stages represent intent planning, behavior planning and behavior realization. A Function Markup Language (FML), describing intent without referring to physical behavior, mediates between the first two s...

Thermoplastic-based fibre metal laminates (FMLs) have gained increasing interest in the automotive industry due to their forming potential—especially at higher temperatures—into complex components compared thermoset-based ones. However, several challenges arise while processing thermoplastic-based FMLs. One one hand, room temperature (RT) leads early failure modes, e.g., fracture and delaminati...

In this paper, lateral stability analysis of fiber-metal laminated (FML) doubly-symmetric tapered I-beams with symmetrical lay-up for all section walls is perused by presenting a new finite element solution. Vlasov’s thin-walled beam theory utilized to consider the bending–twisting coupling effect. Based on classical lamination as well energy method, total potential derived flexural displacemen...

First-order modal logics (FMLs) can be modeled as natural fragments of classical higher-order logic (HOL). The FMLtoHOL tool exploits this fact and it enables the application of off-the-shelf HOL provers and model finders for reasoning within FMLs. The tool bridges between the qmf-syntax for FML and the TPTP thf0-syntax for HOL. It currently supports logics K, K4, D, D4, T, S4, and S5 with resp...

We introduce a novel stochastic process algebra, called PHASE, which directly supports phase-type distributions, useful for approximating the dynamics of non-Markovian HCI systems. In order to encourage the effective use of PHASE, we give a step by step account of how PHASE processes can be implemented in PRISM, one of the most powerful and popular probabilistic model checkers currently availab...

Abstract Magnesium alloys are the lightest available structural metals. The low density and high strength-to-weight ratio make magnesium its an excellent option for use in automotive transport vehicles. In case of alloys, corrosion phenomenon is a serious problem especially when it connected with epoxy-carbon composite (CFRP). Poor adhesion can easily cause delamination at interface. So this wo...