The National Nutrition Survey (NNS) in Japan has been undertaken annually since 1946. It was originally intended to provide information on the food and nutrient intake of the Japanese people, with a view to acquiring emergency food supplies from other countries when food shortages caused malnutrition in many Japanese. The food balance sheet (FBS) has been drawn up since 1949 to show the food su...

BACKGROUND Drug shortages are currently on the rise. In-depth investigation of the problem is necessary, however, a variety of definitions for 'drug shortages' are formulated in legislations, by different organizations, authorities, and other initiatives. For international comparison, the underlying definition for drug shortages is important to allow appropriate interpretation of national datab...

As a consequence of disasters such as pandemics and severe weather events, Australian communities often face ‘food shortages’ resulting from the reduced availability food access to available food. These shortages can be acutely felt by vulnerable populations, comprising people in who are already dealing with social or economic disadvantages. Despite growing calls ensure for everyone during foll...

BACKGROUND Drug shortages are a global problem. While extensively studied in the United States, numbers about drug shortages in European countries are scarce. This study aims to collect and present data about drug shortages in European countries. METHODS A reporting template for the collection of data about drug shortages was designed based on a literature search. Countries offering a reporti...

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has stated that world may face a food crisis with rising prices products at risk due to war in Ukraine. have already increased climate change coronavirus epidemic. After war, cost wheat risen more [1]. About third world’s is supplied by Russia Ukraine, known as Europe’s breadbasket. Wheat shortages occur farmers Ukraine cannot gr...

African cities face immense challenges over the coming decades. As countries urbanize, African cities must maintain service provision for rapidly increasing populations, yet with limited resources. In particular, urban food systems must be able to cope with regional food shortages and catalyze (or at least enable) the distribution of food from diverse sources in order to ensure that the cost of...

In August 2012, a literature search with the aim of describing indicators on food and water security in an Arctic health context was initialized in collaboration between the Arctic Human Health Expert Group, SDWG/AHHEG and the AMAP (Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme within the Arctic Council) Human Health Assessment Group, AMAP/HHAG. In December 2012, workshop discussions were performe...

Abstract Livestock is a major savings device in sub-Sahara Africa agriculture. I measure to what extent the value of livestock drops during food shortages. For this purpose exploit Malawian prices meat and maize for 72 markets from 1991 2009, period with several show that large meat–maize terms trade – our proxy are associated During shortages decreases 54% 65%. The evidence consistent increase...