A non-homogeneous hidden Markov model (NHMM) is used to make stochastic simulations of March–August daily rainfall at 10 stations over the southeastern United States, 1923–98. Station-average observed daily rainfall is prescribed as an input to the NHMM, which is then used to disaggregate the rainfall in space. These rainfall simulations are then used as inputs to a CERES crop model for maize. ...

In this paper the error in estimating the conditional distribution of rainfall given a particular pre-existing or coexisting southern oscillation condition due to the limited length of the historical record is investigated and some statistical procedures for reducing this error are proposed and investigated. Introduction Rainfall in Australia appears to be influenced by the El-Nino/Southern Osc...

For more information/comments, please contact: [email protected] INTRODUCTION The Agro-meteorology bulletin is a report produced monthly to report on the agricultural season in Southern Sudan. The emphasis of the report is mainly on rainfall performance and its implication on crops and rangeland. The impact of agricultural season has huge implications on food security situation of household...

Rainfall erosivity, considering rainfall amount and intensity, is an important parameter for soil erosion risk assessment under future land use and climate change. Despite its importance, rainfall erosivity is usually implemented in models with a low spatial and temporal resolution. The purpose of this study is to assess the temporaland spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity in form of the ...

The spatial application of crop simulation models need grid based spatially distributed input of rainfall. The global products of satellite based rainfall estimation can provide spatial maps on regular time basis and can be used as an input to crop models. An attempt has been made to validate the satellite derived NOAA CPC rainfall estimation with ground based measurements for year 2003 and 200...

Although zonal mean rain rates from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) are in good (,10%) agreement between the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) and precipitation radar (PR) rainfall algorithms, significant uncertainties remain in some regions where these estimates differ by as much as 30% over the period of record. Previous comparisons of these algorithms with ground validation (GV) rai...

Quantifying rainfall at spatial and temporal scales in regions where meteorological stations are scarce is important for agriculture, natural resource management and land-atmosphere interactions science. We describe a new approach to reconstruct daily rainfall from rain gauge data and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) based on the fact that both signals are periodic and proporti...

Background and Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the association between dietary serine intakes and hypertension incident. Materials and Methods: We used the data of 4287 subjects aged 20-70 years, who participated in the fourth phase of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2008-2011)  and were followed up to the fifth  phase (2011-2014). At baseline, the participants were free of hyp...

The seasonal variation of fecal coliforms (FCs) and physicochemical factors was determined in seawaters of the Hansan-Geojeman area, including a designated area for oyster, and in inland pollution sources of its drainage basin. The mean daily loads of FCs in inland pollution sources ranged from 1.2 × 10 to 3.1 × 10 most probable number (MPN)/day; however, the pollutants could not be reached at ...