Pregroup grammars are a context-free grammar formalism which may be used to describe the syntax of natural languages. However, this formalism is not able to naturally define types corresponding to optional and iterated arguments such as optional complements of verbs or verbs’ adverbial modifiers. This paper introduces two constructions that make up for this deficiency.

In this paper, we address the problem of predicting the location of amyloidogenic regions in proteins. The language of protein sequence can be described by using a formal system such as fuzzy context-free grammar, and the problem of amyloidogenic region recognition can be replaced by fuzzy grammar induction. The induced fuzzy grammar achieved 70.6% accuracy and 96.7% specificity on a recently p...

Generalized Multitext Grammar (GMTG) is a synchronous grammar formalism that is weakly equivalent to Linear Context-free Rewriting Systems (LCFRS), but retains much of the notational and intuitive simplicity of Context-Free Grammar (CFG). GMTG allows both synchronous and independent rewriting. Such flexibility facilitates more perspicuous modeling of parallel text than what is possible with oth...

This paper proposes the use of a formal grammar for the verification of mathematical formulae for a practical mathematical OCR system. Like a C compiler detecting syntax errors in a source file, we want to have a verification mechanism to find errors in the output of mathematical OCR. Linear monadic context-free tree grammar (LM-CFTG) was employed as a formal framework to define “well-formed” m...

Many rewriting systems with context-free productions and with controlled derivations have been studied. On one hand, these systems preserve the simplicity of applications of context-free productions and, on the other hand, they increase the generative power to cover more aspects of natural and programming languages. However, with λ-productions, many of these systems are computationally complete...

We address the problem of constructing hybrid translation systems by intersecting a Hiero-style hierarchical system with a phrase-based system and present formal techniques for doing so. We model the phrase-based component by introducing a variant of weighted finite-state automata, called σ-automata, provide a self-contained description of a general algorithm for intersecting weighted synchrono...

Grammars are traditionally used to recognize or parse sentences in a language, but they can also be used to generate sentences. In grammar-based test generation (GBTG), context-free grammars are used to generate sentences that are interpreted as test cases. A generator reads a grammar G and generates L(G), the language accepted by the grammar. Often L(G) is so large that it is not practical to ...