Service-oriented computing as a concept for providing interoperability and flexibility within heterogeneous environments has gained much attention within last years. Dynamically integrating external Web services into enterprise applications requires automatic contracting between service requestors and providers and automatic contract monitoring. This paper suggests semi-automatic approach since...

In modern civil circulation, a significant number of contracts are those adhesion. As confirmed by judicial practice, the joining side may not understand contract’s content or have mistaken notion about it. The aim article is to research reasons and consequences lack language clarity on terms for that joins contract, in order determine ways eliminate them. empirical method, methods description ...

A marriage contract is a temporary in accordance with an agreed between the bride and groom will end by itself if exhausted. Indonesia as country that upholds religious values norms of society certainly very critical determining validity marriage. Marriage contracts difficult to record. Because carried out addition not being recorded formal judicial regulated any regulation so it can be said re...

This paper studies opportunistic behaviour in a model of decentralized economic exchange and inadequate institutional framework of formal contract enforcement. It is shown that (i) when the number of cheating traders is sufficiently large, inadequate institutions (e.g. due to insufficient legal provisions and/or ineffective enforcement of existing laws) result in a loss of decentralized trading...

Abstract I study how supplier contracting frictions shape the patterns of intermediate input use and quantify impact these distortions on aggregate productivity. Using frequency litigation between US firms as a novel measure to capture need for formal enforcement, find robust relationship countries' input-output structure their quality legal institutions. In countries with high enforcement cost...

In this paper, we examine differences in default risks for formal, informal and semi-formal loans and analyze the determinants of default risks regarding the three credit sources, using household data for Vietnam. We find that smaller-sized households with collateral and/or a guarantor borrow primarily from formal and semi-formal lenders whereas female contractors, large-sized households and bo...

Large asynchronous systems composed from synchronous components (so called GALS—globally asynchronous, locally synchronous—systems) pose a challenge to formal verification. We present an approach which abstracts components with contracts capturing the behavior in a rely-guarantee style logic. Formal verification of global system properties is then done transforming a network of contracts to PRO...

We examine a model of contracting where parties interact repeatedly and can contract at any point in time, but writing enforceable contracts is costly. A contract can describe contingencies and actions at a more or less detailed level, and the cost of writing a contract is proportional to the amount of detail. We consider both formal (externally enforced) and informal (self-enforcing) contracts...