Skim milk filtration is performed either at low or high temperature. However, there still a lack of knowledge concerning the influence temperature on membrane fouling. We used in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to study external fouling during crossflow ultrafiltration protein (casein micelle) dispersions 12 °C and 42 °C. Casein micelle concentration distribution was measured polarizat...

The fouling behavior of the hollow fiber ultrafiltration (UF) membrane by the mixtures of dissolved organic matters (DOMs) has been systematically investigated. The organic foulants included humic acid (HA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and sodium alginate (SA), which represented humic substances, proteins and polysaccharides, respectively. According to the experimental results, the filtration pr...

Ž . The efficacy of a silicone coating Veridian 2000 to reduce fouling on salmon-cage netting was examined at a salmon farm in Tasmania, Australia. Significantly less fouling occurred on the Ž 2. Ž 2. white silicone-coated netting 1.9 kgrm compared to uncoated white 7.8 kgrm and black Ž 2. 8.5 kgrm netting after 163 days immersion. On silicone-coated netting the green alga UlÕa rigida dominated...

“Danxia landform” is a landform type originally defined in China, characterized by red-colored sandstones and steep cliffs, and developed through long-term erosion. In recent years, Danxia landforms have been receiving international attention, and six examples in China became a UNESCO World Natural Heritage in 2010. However, morphometric studies of Danxia landforms in China have been very limit...

Multivariate statistical representations have been widely used in the process manufacturing industries for process performance monitoring, in particular for the detection of changes in current operation and the onset of process disturbances or faults. Applications of the technology have focused to a lesser extent on manufacturing processes where drift occurs over time as part of normal process ...

The adhesion of six fouling organisms: the barnacle Balanus eburneus, the gastropod mollusc Crepidulafornicata, the bivalve molluscs Crassostrea virginica and Ostrea/Dendrostrea spp., and the serpulid tubeworms Hydroides dianthus and H. elegans, to 12 silicone fouling-release surfaces was examined. Removal stress (adhesion strength) varied among the fouling species and among the surfaces. Princ...

[1] Mars Orbiter Laser Altimetry (MOLA) data have been used to characterize lobate scarps along the dichotomy boundary in the eastern hemisphere of Mars. These structures are the surface expression of thrust faulting of the southern highlands. Displacement on the thrust faults is generally less than 1 km except in the case of the Amenthes Rupes thrust fault, where the maximum displacement is on...

Fouling initiated by nonspecific protein adsorption is a great challenge in biomedical applications, including biosensors, bioanalytical devices, and implants. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), a popular material with many attractive properties for device fabrication in the biomedical field, suffers serious fouling problems from protein adsorption due to its hydrophobic nature, which limits the pr...

The membrane fouling of an aerobic granular reactor coupled with a submerged membrane in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was evaluated. The fouling analysis was performed by applying microscopy techniques to determine the morphology and structure of the fouling layer on a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane. It was found that the main cause of fouling was the polysaccharide adsorption on the memb...

Dyes fouling of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes and its relation to adsorption had been investigated by using a crossflow RO filtration setup. Methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RB) were used as model organic foulants. The calculated amount of the irreversible sorption was related to the irreversible flux decline. The characteristic fouling kinetics was accounted by Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) ...