Abstract According to classical theism, the universe depends on God in a way that goes beyond mere (efficient) causation. I have previously argued this ‘deep dependence’ of is best understood as type grounding. In recent paper journal, Aaron Segal argues doctrine deep dependence causes problems for creaturely free will: if our choices are grounded facts about God, and we no control over these f...

ntelligent human action is goal-directed, but when pain, fear, or danger intrude, it is difficult to sustain the mental equilibrium to follow through, even if the goal is very important and the action critical. Hence, the need for courage. As Aquinas put it, the virtue of courage is "to remove any obstacle that withdraws the will from following the reason."1 Such overcoming of dangers, pain, an...