Classical proper PID controllers are designed for linear time invariant plants whose transfer functions are rational functions of s , where 0 < α < 1, and s is the Laplace transform variable. Effect of input–output time delay on the range of allowable controller parameters is investigated. The allowable PID controller parameters are determined from a small gain type of argument used earlier for...

Based on the electromagnetism-like algorithm, an evolutionary algorithm, improved EM algorithm with genetic algorithm technique (IEMGA), for optimization of fractional-order PID (FOPID) controller is proposed in this article. IEMGA is a population-based meta-heuristic algorithm originated from the electromagnetism theory. It does not require gradient calculations and can automatically converge ...

A novel nonlinear fractional order sliding mode controller is proposed to control the chaotic atomic force microscope system in presence of uncertainties and disturbances. In the design of the suggested fractional order controller, conformable fractional order derivative is applied. The stability of the scheme is proved by means of the Lyapunov theory based on conformable fractional order deriv...

&lt;span&gt;This paper deals with implementing the tuning process of gains fractional order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controller designed for trajectory tracking control two-link robotic manipulators by using a Bat algorithm. Two objective functions weight values assigned has been utilized achieving minimization operation errors in joint positions and torque outputs manipulators....