background: cryptosporidium species are important cause of diarrheal diseases in both developing and developed countries. this study aimed to compare the perfor-mance of several molecular methods for identification of cryptosporidium species, and to detect genetic variation among each of these species isolated from iran, ma-lawi, nigeria, vietnam and the united kingdom. methods: the oocysts dna...

Mit dem im Task Trainer (TT) integrierten Funktions-FragmentChecker (FFC) wurde für die C#-Programmierausbildung eine computergestützte Übungsumgebung geschaffen, in der der Lernende durch die eigenständige Auswahl von unterschiedlich komplexen Übungsaufgaben aus einem Pool verschiedener Aufgabentypen seinen Lernund Übungsprozess aktiv und selbstgesteuert gestalten kann. Unter Üben wird das Kon...

The heme propionates of heme peptide 1-25 from horse heart cytochrome c were methylated in acidified methanol. The methylated heme peptide combines with apocytochrome c in a single second order kinetic phase whose rate constant is within a factor of four of that measured for the unmethylated heme peptide. The dissociation constants for the two complexes are also within a factor of four. The met...

In many neurological disorders strategies for a specific delivery of a biological activity from the periphery to the central nervous system (CNS) remains a considerable challenge for successful therapy. Reporter assays have established that the non-toxic C-fragment of tetanus toxin (TTC), provided either as protein or encoded by non-viral naked DNA plasmid, binds pre-synaptic motor neuron termi...

The non-toxic C fragment of tetanus toxin fused to the beta-galactosidase enzyme was analysed as a neuroanatomical tracer. After intramuscular injection in rat tongue, its location in the hypoglossal network was compared with other classic tracers such as neurotropic viruses. The hybrid protein reached second and higher-order neurons after crossing several synapses. It appears to be a powerful ...

Fragment C (TetC) is a non-toxic 47 kDa polypeptide fragment of tetanus toxin that can be used as a subunit vaccine against tetanus. Expression of TetC in Escherichia coli and yeast was dependent on the availability of synthetic genes that were required to improve translation efficiency and stabilize the mRNA. To explore the feasibility of producing TetC in tobacco leaves, we attempted expressi...

In this study, we identified a variable region in the C-terminus of hemocyanin from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (2288-2503bp, HcSC) by sequence alignments. A total of 13 SNPs were identified by PCR-SSCP and HcSC clone sequencing. The SSCP patterns of HcSC could be modulated in Vibro parahaemolyticus-treated shrimps. A novel SSCP band with four SNP sites was identified in V. parahaemolyticus...

Purpose: Although rituximab is now routinely used in the treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, the mechanism of its antitumor effect is not clear. One potential mechanism of action involves antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Two aspects of ADCC influence the effectiveness of this process: the susceptibility of tumor cells and the activation of effector cells via their immuno...

Purified bovine growth hormone, consisting of a single polypeptide chain, has been found to contain NHz-terminal alanine, phenylalanine, and methionine in nearly equal amounts. The minimum molecular weight calculated from its amino acid composition is 20,846. Five unique fragments have been prepared from bovine growth hormone by cleavage at 4 methionyl residues with cyanogen bromide. In the ord...

Antibody Fv fragments would in principle be useful for a variety of biotechnological applications because of their small size and the possibility to produce them in relatively large amounts in recombinant form; however, their limited stability is a drawback. To solve this problem, both domains are usually fused via a peptide linker to form a single-chain Fv (scFv) fragment, but in some cases th...