We present two rigorous results on the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick mean eld model for spin glasses, proven by elementary methods, based on properties of uctuations, with respect to the external quenched noise, of the thermodynamic variables and order parameters. The rst result gives the uniform convergence of the quenched average of the free energy in the thermodynamic limit to its annealed approxi...

Consider a classical system in contact with a constant temperature heat bath where some degree of freedom of the system can be controlled. Manipulation of this degree of freedom results in an expenditure of some amount of work, a change in the energy and free energy of the system, and an exchange of heat with the bath. Let 1 be a parameter specifying the current value of the controllable degree...

Based on the concept of free energy, we give a Hamiltonian formulation for the torsion dynamics of macromolecules. The appropriate reaction coordinates for the free energy calculations are deened in terms of soft constraints as introduced in 3] and 14]. We consider a few simpliications that allow one to calculate the free energy analytically and to write the corresponding equations of motion as...

Recent work has sought to extract the asymmetry energy at very low density from observables in heavyion collisions. The logic employed starts from the assumption that the fragment yields are determined by a minimization of the Helmholtz free energy. As volume is in reality unconstrained, nor can a single freeze-out volume be expected, the physical relevance of the Helmholtz free energy must be ...

Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium measurements are reported for binary mixture of 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran and Cumene at 97.3 kPa. The data were obtained using a vapor recirculating type (modified Othmer's) equilibrium still. The mixture shows slight negative deviation from ideality. The system does not form an azeotrope. The experimental data obtained in this study are thermodynamically consist...

some new symmetrical tetraaza schiff base ligands containing 2-quinolinecarboxaldehyde moiety formed from condensation reaction of 2-quinolinecarboxaldehyde and o-phenylenediamine derivatives, such as n, nˊ-bis(2-quinolylmethylidene)-4-methoxy-1, 2-phenylenediimine (l1), n, nˊ-bis(2-quinolylmethylidene)-4-methy-1, 2-phenylenediimine (l2), n, nˊ-bis(2-quinolylmethylidene)-4-chloro-1, 2-phenylene...

Protein folding dynamics is often described as diffusion on a free energy surface considered as a function of one or few reaction coordinates. However, a growing number of experiments and models show that, when projected onto a reaction coordinate, protein dynamics is sub-diffusive. This raises the question as to whether the conventionally used diffusive description of the dynamics is adequate....