transcranial current stimulation (tcs) is a neuromodulation method in which the patient is exposed to a mild electric current (direct or alternating) at 1-2 ma, resulting in an increase or a decrease in the brain excitability. this modi.cation in neural activities can be used as a method for functional human brain mapping with causal inferences. this method might also facilitate the treatments ...

Transcutaneous electrical stimulation using kilohertz-frequency alternating current (AC) became popular in the 1950s with the introduction of "interferential currents," promoted as a means of producing depth-efficient stimulation of nerve and muscle. Later, "Russian current" was adopted as a means of muscle strengthening. This article reviews some clinically relevant, laboratory-based studies t...

Deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus alleviates involuntary movements in patients with dystonia. However, the mechanism is still not entirely understood. One hypothesis is that deep brain stimulation suppresses abnormally enhanced synchronized oscillatory activity within the motor cortico-basal ganglia network. Here, we explore deep brain stimulation-induced modulation of path...

Abstract Among other electrophysiological biomarkers, power reduction in the alpha frequency band (8-12 Hz) is characteristic of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Restoring this could help improve performance related functional networks and cognitive state AD patients. Transcranial alternate current stimulation (tACS) stands as a promising tool regard, given its capacity to entrain neural activity at p...

Repetitive magnetic stimulation is a neuropsychiatric and neurorehabilitation tool that can be used to investigate the neurobiology of sensory and motor functions. Few studies have examined the effects of repetitive magnetic stimulation on the modulation of neurotrophic/growth factors and neuronal cells in vitro. Therefore, the current study examined the differential effects of repetitive magne...

This study determined: (a) if acupuncture stimulation at a traditional site might modulate ongoing EEG as compared with stimulation of a control site; (b) if high-frequency vs. low-frequency stimulation could exert differential effects of acupuncture; (c) if the observed effects of acupuncture were specific to certain EEG bands; and (d) if the acupuncture effect could be isolated at a specific ...

Tremor is a cardinal feature of Parkinson's disease and essential tremor, the two most common movement disorders. Yet, the mechanisms underlying tremor generation remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that driving deep brain stimulation electrodes at a frequency closely matching the patient's own tremor frequency should interact with neural activity responsible for tremor, and that the effect...

High-frequency test stimulation for tremor suppression is a standard procedure for functional target localization during deep brain stimulation. This method does not work in cases where tremor vanishes intraoperatively, for example, due to general anaesthesia or due to an insertional effect. To overcome this difficulty, we developed a stimulation technique that effectively evokes tremor in a we...

‎There are different feature extraction methods in brain-computer interfaces (BCI) based on Steady-State Visually Evoked Potentials (SSVEP) systems‎. ‎This paper presents a comparison of five methods for stimulation frequency detection in SSVEP-based BCI systems‎. ‎The techniques are based on Power Spectrum Density Analysis (PSDA)‎, ‎Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)‎, ‎Hilbert‎- ‎Huang Transform (H...

Slaybaugh et al. explain that they have reanalyzed the data and have discovered that John Q. got a total of 80 hits while Willie Mays got only 50 and that they therefore question my conclusions. This may seem absurd, but the argument has no more validity in their comment than it does in this example. 2) There is exceptionally poor recall in this experiment. This is not the case. Recall is only ...