We consider the role that firm attributes play in accounting for the divergence in the careers of women and men, in terms of the wage and non-wage attributes of jobs, with the onset of parenthood. We exploit a matched employer-employee data set from Sweden that provides a rich set of firm and worker attributes. We index firms by their “family friendliness” and analyze the effect of firm family ...

Advances in robotic technologies have enabled interactive robots to utilize humanlike social behaviors to interact with people in public places such as museums. While these behaviors have shown promise in engaging people, they have been designed and applied to users uniformly. Humans, however, behave differently according to their relationships with others. Behavioral changes, from neutral to f...

The fairness (or TCP-friendliness) of recent high-speed TCP proposals for high bandwidth-delay product networks is generally poor. We believe that the lack of the TCP-friendliness of high-speed TCP proposals stems from their ineffectiveness in detecting competing TCP ¤ows. We suggest a competition detection mechanism for a single TCP ¤ow to detect the presence of competing TCP ¤ows and propose ...

The ideal visualization tools in microneurosurgery should provide magnification, illumination, wide fields of view, ergonomics, and unobstructed access to the surgical field. The operative microscope was the predominant innovation in modern neurosurgery. Recently, a high-definition three-dimensional (3D) exoscope was developed. We describe the first applications in pediatric neurosurgery. The V...

These days family-friendliness is a key issue for the future of businesses. Investments in a family conscious personnel policy are considered as forward-looking decisions in companies. This happens against the background of a sustainable personnel policy in times of a decrease in the number of employable persons, an increasing shortage of skilled workers and an ageing workforce. Family-friendly...

Human interaction proofs (HIPs) have become common place on the internet due to their effectiveness in deterring automated abuse of online services intended for humans. However, there is a co-evolutionary arms race in progress and these proofs are becoming more difficult for genuine users while attackers are getting better at breaking existing HIPs. We studied various popular HIPs on the intern...

In the context of doctor shortages and mal-distributions in many Western countries, prestige and lifestyle friendliness have emerged as significant factors for medical students when they choose a medical specialty. In this study, we surveyed two samples of Australian medical students and had them rank 19 medical specialties for prestige (N = 530) and lifestyle friendliness (N = 644). The presti...

Human conversants in dialog adjust their behavior to their conversational partner in many ways. In terms of language use, they adapt to their partners both lexically and syntactically, by using the same referring expressions or sentence structure. In this paper, we describe a natural language generator PERSONAGEPRIMED, which can produce utterances entrained to a range of utterance features used...

Traffic safety and pedestrian friendliness are considered to be important conditions for older people’s motivation to walk through their environment. This study uses an experimental study design with computer-simulated living environments to investigate the effect of micro-scale environmental factors (parking spaces and green verges with trees) on older people’s perceptions of both motivational...

Internet deploy new applications, such as voice over IP, video conference, video streaming, audio streaming, mission-critical financial data, employ the user datagram protocol (UDP) and have different requirements on the bandwidth from those of existing applications using transmission control protocol (TCP). TCP-friendliness and multimedia-friendliness “contradict” with each other. The possible...