The low-lying reef islands distributed in the tropical and subtropical coastal regions are highly vulnerable to devastating damages of surges waves during severe weather events. Over past two decades, extreme have caused tremendous loss regions. Previous research has focused on wave hydrodynamics tsunami waves, as well regular irregular fringing reefs. complex reefs rarely studied. By applying ...

The Ningaloo Reef, Australia’s longest fringing reef, is uniquely positioned in the NW region of continent, with clear, oligotrophic waters, relatively low human impacts, and a high level protection through World Heritage Site its marine park status. Non-invasive optical sensors, which seamlessly derive bathymetry bottom reflectance, are ideally suited for mapping monitoring shallow reefs such ...

Terrestrial runoff after heavy rainfall can increase nutrient concentrations in waters overlying coral reefs that otherwise experience low nutrient levels. Field measurements during a runoff event showed a sharp increase in nitrate (75-fold), phosphate (31-fold) and ammonium concentrations (3-fold) in waters overlying a fringing reef at the island of Curaçao (Southern Caribbean). To understand ...

Coral reefs are very important in Tanzania, both ecologically and socio-economically, as major fishing grounds and tourist attractions. Numerous fringing and patch reefs are located along about two-thirds of Tanzania’s coastline. These reefs have been partially to severely degraded by human (primarily destructive fishing practices) and natural (particularly coral bleaching) causes. These immedi...

Functional connectivity, the degree to which the landscape facilitates or impedes movement, depends on how animals perceive costs and benefits associated with habitat features and integrate them into a movement path. There have been few studies on functional connectivity in marine organisms, despite its importance for the effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas. In this study, we asked how open...

The coral reefs at the northernmost tip of Sabah, Borneo will be established under a marine protected area: the Tun Mustapha Park (TMP) by the end of 2015. This area is a passage where the Sulu Sea meets the South China Sea and it is situated at the border of the area of maximum marine biodiversity, the Coral Triangle. The TMP includes fringing and patch reefs established on a relatively shallo...

Comparative studies on the distribution of archaeal versus bacterial communities associated with the surface mucus layer of corals have rarely taken place. It has therefore remained enigmatic whether mucus-associated archaeal and bacterial communities exhibit a similar specificity towards coral hosts and whether they vary in the same fashion over spatial gradients and between reef locations. We...

Overtopping has been widely studied to design coastal structures, and it is also an important parameter for management in order evaluate the protection by natural systems against inundation. Most formulations open coasts have estimated overtopping using wave runup (R2 percent), beach slope truncated point, with empirical coefficients account further details (e.g. EurOtop, 2018). However, beache...

Coral reefs represent abrupt changes in surface roughness, temperature, and humidity oceanic coastal locations. This leads to formation of internal atmospheric boundary layers that grow vertically response turbulent mixing which conveys properties into the prevailing wind. As a result, coral under favourable conditions couple overlying atmosphere. Here we present rare observations reef – intera...