Direct fuel oxidization yields major fuel cell power system simplifications and potential performance advantages, particularly for an automotive power plant application. The system simplification is particularly striking when a direct fuel system is compared to an “indirect” fuel cell system in a vehicle (where the fuel on board must be “reformed” and “cleaned” to provide a hydrogen-rich gas “r...

Hybridization of fuel cells with additional batteries or ultracapacitors in a fuel cell vehicle reduces electrical and mechanical stresses on fuel cells and improves the overall drive train efficiency over a standard drive cycle. This paper primarily analyzes hybrid fuel cell vehicles with different drive train arrangements, and compares projected fuel economies of hybrid fuel cell vehicles wit...

The renewable energy sources and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are becoming very popular because of the combination of high fuel costs and concerns about emission issues. This paper presents modelling and control of a Building Integrated Fuel Cell and Plug-in Electric Vehicles (BIFC-PEV) in smart distribution systems. In BIFC-PEV system, conventional building elements could be replaced by sp...

In this work, Pt, Fe and Co nanoparticles were prepared by chemical reduction of the metal salts in chitosan as the support. NaBH4 was used as the reducing agent Pt-Fe, Pt-Co and Pt-Fe-Co-chitosan nanocomposites were synthesized and characterized by UV–Vis spectra and Transmission electron microscopy images. GC/Pt-chitosan, GC/Pt-Co-chitosan, GC/Pt-Fe-chitosan and GC/Pt-Co-Fe-chitosan electrode...

This paper presents a hierarchical control strategy for heat and electric power control of a building integrating hybrid renewable power sources including photovoltaic, fuel cell and battery energy storage with Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV) in smart distribution systems. Because of the controllability of fuel cell power, this power sources plays the main role for providing heat and electric p...

The current polymer-exchange membrane fuel cell technology cannot directly use biomass as fuel. Here we present a solar-induced hybrid fuel cell that is directly powered with natural polymeric biomasses, such as starch, cellulose, lignin, and even switchgrass and wood powders. The fuel cell uses polyoxometalates as the photocatalyst and charge carrier to generate electricity at low temperature....

This study shows the design of a new hybrid power generation system, photovoltaic panel (PV)–coupled solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and gas turbine (GT)–electrolyser. Three objectives (cost, pollutant emissions, and reliability), which are usually in conflict, are considered simultaneously. The design of a hybrid system, considering the three mentioned objectives, poses a very complex problem of o...

This paper describes a methodology for design and optimization of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The focus of this paper is the optimization of the fuel cell propulsion system and hydrogen storage system for a baseline aircraft. Physics-based models, and experimentally-derived sub-system performance data are used to characterize the performance of ...

.................................................................................................................................................................................1 Approach................................................................................................................................................................................2 Lifecycle Cost as a Yardstick......