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The growth of high-quality thick InN films is challenging because of the lack of native substrates. In this work, we demonstrate the use of a linearly graded InGaN buffer layer for the growth of InN films on GaN substrates. A 500nm InN film with <0.1 nm RMS roughness is obtained with a peak mobility of 1410 cm2/(V&s) at 300K. A strong room temperature photoluminescence showing a bandgap of 0.65...

PURPOSE To demonstrate lamina-specific functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of retinal and choroidal responses to visual stimulation of graded luminance, wavelength, and frequency. MATERIALS AND METHODS High-resolution (60 × 60 μm) MRI was achieved using the blood-pool contrast agent, monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticles (MION) and a high-magnetic-field (11.7 T) scanner to image fu...

Controlling thickness and composition of gate stack layers in logic and memory devices is critical to ensure transistor performance meets requirements, especially at 10nm node due to the 3-d geometry of devices and tight process budget. It has become necessary to measure and control each layer in the gate stack before and after dielectric and metal gate deposition sequences. A typical gate stac...

Co-extrasion involves extrasion of multiple layers at the same time. Functionally graded materials comprising various layers with different properties can be produced through co-extrusion. Rheological control is vital for successful co-extrusion of layered cement-based materials. The paste flow in the barrel and the die land in a ram extruder should be plug-like, while the paste should be shear...

Abstract. The propagation behaviour of Love wave in an initially stressed functionally graded magnetic-electric-elastic half-space carrying a homogeneous layer is investigated. The material parameters in the substrate are assumed to vary exponentially along the thickness direction only. The velocity equations of Love wave are derived on the electrically or magnetically open circuit and short ci...

ZnO+Ga2O3 functionally graded thin films (FGTFs) were examined for their potential use as Solar cell and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). FGTF transparent conducting oxides (TCO) were fabricated by combinatorial RF magnetron sputtering. The composition gradient was controlled up to 10% by changing the plasma power of the two sputter guns. A Ga2O3+ZnO graded region was placed on the top la...

Ferroelectric properties of chemically heterogeneous multilayers and graded composition thin films of 1−x Pb Mg1/3Nb2/3 O3–xPbTiO3, a well-known relaxor, were prepared using a multitarget pulsed laser ablation system. Target materials with different values of x 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 were used for ablation growth. Films with sharp interfaces and graded interfaces were prepared and were characte...

Stress analysis of functionally graded composite plates composed of ceramic, functionally graded material and metal layers is investigated using 3-D finite element method. In FGM layer, material properties are assumed to be varied continuously in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fraction of a ceramic and metal. The 3-D finite element mo...

The present paper aims to develop a micromechanics-based effective elastic model of functionally graded composites. At the macroscopic scale, effective material properties of the composites are uniform in the same graded layer while gradually changing along the grading direction. Microstructurally, infinite particles are randomly dispersed in the matrix with gradual transitions. Particles are a...