introduction: the value of embryonic stem-like cells in cloning is obvious. production of cloned animals can be achieved by introduction of these cells into a tetraploid embryo. tetraploid embryo is used as a feeder for development of embryonic stem-like cells and can be produced in vitro by electro-fusion of 2-cell embryos. the aim of this study was to ass,essthe effect of voltage alteration a...

abstract acute upper airway obstruction (uao) is a life threatening complication that is well recognized after carotid endarterectomy, thyroidectomy and pharyngeal area intervention. it is not widely acknowledged that airway obstruction can occur after cervical spinal fusion surgery which was first described in 1955. there are a number of common postoperative problems which may become apparent ...

performance evaluation is one of the most important management agendas as key to achieving continuous improvement in the ability to evaluate the ongoing performance of the organization. many organizations have realized the importance of ongoing evaluation of performance and performance appraisal systems employ a variety of organizations. in this regard between 1850 and 1975, only on the basis o...

background: it seems that the success of vaccination for cancer immunotherapy such as dendritic cell (dc) based cancer vaccine is hindered through a powerful network of immune system suppressive elements in which regulatory t cell is the common factor. foxp3 transcription factor is the most specific marker of regulatory t cells. in different studies, targeting an immune response against regulat...

background: sequence variations in glycoproteins of influenza virus surface impel us to design new candidate vaccines yearly. ectodomain of influenza m2 protein is a surface and highly conserved protein. m2e in influenza vaccines may eliminate the need for changing vaccine formulation every year. objectives: in this study, a recombinant baculovirus containing m2e and cholera toxin subunit b fus...

conclusions in conclusion, pegfp-kmp-gp96 (fusion) induced th1 platform immune response against leishmania major (mrho/ir/75/er) infection. results according to the results, the level of cytokines interferon-gamma (ifn-γ) and interleukin (il)-4, and ratio of ifn-γ /il4 was changed among different groups of mice before and seven weeks after immunization. the cytokines were increased significantl...

background one disadvantage of expressing heterologous proteins in escherichia coli is that the proteins are frequently expressed as insoluble inclusion bodies. to avoid this problem, heterologous proteins are typically expressed as a fusion protein. maltose binding protein (mbp) is one of the widely used partners for production of recombinant fusion proteins in e. coli. mbp is among the most e...

there have been a number of developments in screw design and implantation techniques over recent years, including proposal of an alternative trajectory entitled as cortical bone trajectory (cbt). cortical bone trajectory has been investigated in recent medical treatments as an alternative for screw fixation aimed at increasing purchase of pedicle screws in higher density bone. cbt screw inserti...