Biological hydrogen production is one of the most challenging areas of technology development for sustainable gaseous energy generation. The future of biological hydrogen production depends not only on research advances, i.e. improvement in efficiency through genetically engineered microorganisms and/or the development of bioreactors, but also on economic considerations, as compared to fossil f...

Light olefins such as ethylene, propylene, and butylenes, are basic building blocks for petrochemicals. Further, these olefins are also useful for production of clean fuels such as alkylates – which have high octanes but no sulfur, olefins, and aromatics – or as octaneenhancers such as ethers. The conventional olefin production process is steam cracking of C2−C4 light paraffins from natural gas...

Numerous laboratory studies report carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and particulate matter emission reductions with a slight nitrogen oxides emission increase from engines operating with biodiesel and biodiesel blends as compared to using petroleum diesel. We conducted a field study on a fleet of school buses to evaluate the effects of biodiesel use on gaseous and particulate matter fuel-based emi...

The world is presently confronted with the twin crises of fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation. The search for alternative fuels, which promise a harmonious correlation with sustainable development, energy conservation, efficiency and environmental preservation, has become highly pronounced in the present context. The fuels of bio-origin can provide a feasible solution to this wo...

The world’s energy markets rely heavily on the fossil fuels coal, petroleum crude oil, and natural gas as sources of thermal energy; gaseous, liquid, and solid fuels; and chemicals. Since millions of years are required to form fossil fuels in the earth, their reserves are finite and subject to depletion as they are consumed. The only natural, renewable carbon resource known that is large enough...

Combustion of wildland fuels represents a major source of particulate matter (PM) and light-absorbing elemental carbon (EC) on a national and global scale, but the emission factors and source profiles have not been well characterized with respect to different fuels and combustion phases. These uncertainties limit the accuracy of current emission inventories, smoke forecasts, and source apportio...

Abstract Exposure to household air pollution results in a substantial global health burden. The World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Household Fuel Combustion stipulate emission rates energy devices should meet quality guidelines and protect health. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), biogas, natural (NG), alcohol fuels are considered clean due their low emissions at th...

Thermal gasification of densified sludge/wastepaper fuels has been shown to be technically feasible for the co-disposal of sludge and source­ separated wastepaper. The performance and economic feasibility of a downdraft packed-bed gasifier system fueled with densified sludge/wastepaper and W的tepaper fuels has been evaluated. To assess the performance of the gasifier, a series of gasifier runs w...