PURPOSE Transferring the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) genes into the tissues or cells can improve the bone healing of the fracture has been widely accepted. We evaluated the efficiency of using gene gun to transfer the BMP-2 gene thereby affected the healing of a fractured bone. METHODS The vector coding for BMP-2 was constructed by a non-replicating encephalo-myocarditis virus (ECMV)...

One coastal village in Haenam-gun and two in Yeongam-gun, Jeollanam-do were surveyed for intestinal parasite infections by fecal examination. The egg positive rates of Gymnophalloides seoi were high, 24.1% (14/58) in Haenam-gun and 9.3% (11/118) in Yeongam-gun. The egg positive rates of heterophyids, including Heterophyes nocens, and of Clonorchis sinensis were 10.3% and 6.9% in Haenam-gun, and...

OBJECTIVES To determine the relative incidence of gun victimization versus self defense gun use by civilians in the United States, and the circumstances and probable legality of the self defense uses. METHODS National random digit dial telephone surveys of the adult population were conducted in 1996 and 1999. The Harvard surveys appear unique among private surveys in two respects: asking (1) ...

OBJECTIVES To present the prevalence of gun ownership among batterers and describe their self-reported use of guns to threaten intimate partners. METHODS We used multivariate methods to analyze data from 8529 men enrolled in Massachusetts certified batterer intervention programs between 1999 and 2003. RESULTS Seven percent of the sample reported owning guns during the past 3 years. Recent g...

Available online 7 April 2011 Purposes: To determine if perceived risk of criminal victimization, and past criminal victimization experiences, increases the likelihood of a person owning a gun for self-protection, and to determine if defects in past research concerning the way gun ownership was measured had obscured such effects. Methods: We analyzed data on over 2,500 U.S. adults, using differ...

This study examines the relationship between gun availability and crime in a cross-national sample of cities. Data from the International Crime Victimization Survey are used to examine three competing hypotheses. The results of the limited information maximum least squares regression analyses suggest that gun availability influences rates of assault, gun assault, robbery, and gun robbery. These...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether pediatricians accurately estimate the likelihood of gun ownership among their patients' families. Design. Self-administered, written surveys completed simultaneously by pediatricians and their patients' parents. SETTING A total of 23 pediatric practices and hospital-based clinics in three cities in the United States. SUBJECTS A total of 66 pediatricians paired...

OBJECTIVES To describe a gun exchange program and assess potential benefits for participants and host communities. METHODS Mail survey of participants in a Sacramento, California gun exchange program, August 1993; the response rate was 79%. Comparative data were obtained from nationwide polls of gun owners. RESULTS Most (62%) respondents were men; 40% were more than 55 years old; none was l...