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İslâm düşünce ve ilim tarihinde ayrı bir ehemmiyete sahip kelâm fıkıh ilimleri, teşekkül süreçlerinde diğer ilimlerle olan etkileşimleriyle dinî tefekkürün tekâmülüne dair katkılarıyla öne çıkmışlardır. Literatürde fıkhın lisanî, şer‘î, aklî amelî cihetini temsil eden alan usûl-i fürû-ı fıkıh, akideye kısım ise usûlü’d-dîn veya fıkhu’l-ekber şeklindeki kavramlarla yaygınlık kazanmıştır. Bu iki ...

We consider catalytic branching populations. They consist of a catalyst population evolving according to a critical binary branching process in continuous time with a constant branching rate and a reactant population with a branching rate proportional to the number of catalyst individuals alive. The reactant forms a process in random medium. We describe asymptotically the genealogy of catalytic...

In standard approaches to NLP phrase structure is usually specified by a grammar. The coverage of such a grammar, especially in the case of performance data, is often insufficient; the grammar is subject to frequent modifications and this can bring about maintainability prob­ lems. In this paper we describe a relational basis underlying phrase structure. Based on that, a model is defined th a t...

Over the last few decades, there have been many proposals for collective housing in which architectural forms have arisen from processes of infinite iteration. These designs put special emphasis on the concept of the element or basic unit, but also focus on the mechanisms by which these elements and units relate to one another and grow. This essay is an exploration of the historical precedents ...