We propose to solve generalized bilevel programs by a trust region approach where the “model” takes the form of a bilevel program involving a linear program at the upper level and a linear variational inequality at the lower level. By coupling the concepts of trust region and linesearch in a novel way, we obtain an implementable algorithm that converges to a strong stationary point of the origi...

We describe a generalized Levenberg-Marquardt method for computing critical points of the Ginzburg-Landau energy functional which models superconductivity. The algorithm is a blend of a Newton iteration with a Sobolev gradient descent method, and is equivalent to a trust-region method in which the trustregion radius is defined by a Sobolev metric. Numerical test results demonstrate the method t...

The increasing popularity of open standards in B2B e-commerce demands more research on generalized trust. This study investigates how a country’s social trust affects the use of open and closed B2B ecommerce. The analysis based on data from 27 European and related countries shows that social trust in a country promotes the use of open B2B e-commerce, but it impedes the use of closed B2B e-comme...

This article discusses how public libraries contribute to the generation of social capital and social trust among refugees participating in library programmes while enrolled in a compulsory government introductory programme to Norwegian language and society. The students’ experiences with the library have made them more trusting toward the institution of the public library and library patrons i...

This study mainly examines the relationship between generalized/horizontal/social trust and economic growth in countries Middle East North Africa (MENA) region, considering substantial decline their values since 2005. The utilizes a multiple linear regression model based on panel data comprising 104 over period from 1999 to 2020. Trust were obtained last four waves of World Values Survey (WVS)....

Going beyond prior research that has focused on dyadic, party-specific trust, this study investigates the importance of generalized which is not specific to a counterparty and originates from broader context. We analyze how trust at regional level affects extent firm relies external suppliers performance effects doing so. Furthermore, we assess these relationships are impacted by an economic do...

This article analyzes trust in public institutions. In both theoretical literature and empirical research, a link between social trust and institutional trust has been established. Specifically, this paper casts additional light on this relationship. Moreover, it tests whether institutional trust is dependent on citizens’ perceptions of how well institutions live up to normative expectations he...