Epigenetic mechanisms act to change the accessibility of chromatin to transcriptional regulation locally and globally via modifications of the DNA and by modification or rearrangement of nucleosomes. Epigenetic gene regulation collaborates with genetic alterations in cancer development. This is evident from every aspect of tumor biology including cell growth and differentiation, cell cycle cont...

The potential applications for genetic testing are immense, with most diseases having some aspect influenced by, if not directly caused by, changes in the genome of the patient. The translation of genetic information into medical applications will be influenced by our understanding of the human genome, technological advances, and social, ethical, and legal issues surrounding genetic testing. Wi...

In this article I discuss the broader view of evolution that is growing out of our increased understanding of the role played by Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) in early evolution. Darwinian evolution, where genetic information and variation are passed to an organism by its ancestors, is seen to be only one aspect of evolution, and to have emerged from a world where the primary mode of evolution...

Copy-number polymorphisms (CNPs) represent a greatly underestimated aspect of human genetic variation. Recently, two landmark studies reported genome-wide analyses of CNPs in normal individuals and represent the beginning of an understanding of this type of large-scale variation. Future array-CGH-based CNP analyses should include standard criteria on a common microarray platform. It is only whe...

Modeling four aspect-oriented programming mechanisms shows the way in which each supports modular crosscutting. Comparing the models produces a clear three part characterization of what is required to support crosscutting structure: a common frame of reference that two (or more) programs can use to connect with each other and each provide their semantic contribution.

This paper briefly describes the design of a dynamic adaptation management framework exploiting the concepts provided by Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD) -in particular Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP)-, as well as reflection and adaptation techniques in order to support and speed up the process of dynamic component evolution by tackling issues related to signature and protocol inte...

For concrete usage scenarios there are different options of how to use AspectJ's language features, and these options deeply impact the chances for further evolution of both base classes and aspects. Aspects can use aspect-oriented as well as object-oriented features. The combination of these mechanisms provides new powerful mechanisms. Idioms can help in guiding AspectJ users through this fron...

In this paper we show how design-level aspects can be used to encapsulate security concerns that can be woven into models of software designs. The aspect-oriented design technique described in this paper allows one to analyze the impact of security concerns on other functional concerns. We illustrate our technique using a small example.

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