Incubation of Micromonospora purpurea SC 1210 (NRRL 5467) with L-[methyl-14C]methionine yielded [methyl-14C]gentamicin A and methyl-14C-labeled antibiotic JI-20A in a molar radioactivity ratio of 9:2. We did not isolate methyl-14C-labeled gentamicin X2, which was expected as an intermediate based on the biosynthetic pathways proposed by others. Addition of methyl-14C-labeled antibiotic JI-20A t...

The mechanism of gentamicin uptake in vitro by renal cortical slices of rat kidney was investigated. The cortical-slice-uptake ratio of gentamicin concentration in 1.0 g of tissue water to that of 1.0 ml of incubation medium (SW/M) was 1.44 +/- 0.04. The uptake of gentamicin was inhibited by 2 x 10(-5) M dinitrophenol (SW/M = 1.03 +/- 0.04) and by anoxia (SW/M = 1.01 +/- 0.04). The results indi...

When Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 is treated with gentamicin, it releases membrane vesicles containing gentamicin (g-MVs) and peptidoglycan hydrolase, which makes the MVs bactericidal. We evaluate the ability of g-MVs to deliver gentamicin past the intrinsic permeability barrier of group IIIa Burkholderia cepacia and show that strain CEP0248 with low resistance to gentamicin is killed but the hi...

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in gentamicin-induced acute tubular necrosis in rats using the iNOS inhibitor L-N6-(1-iminoethyl) lysine (L-NIL). Wistar rats, both sexes (n=18), were equally divided into three groups. Gentamicin group received intraperitoneally (i.p.) gentamicin in 0.9 % NaCl at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day for five consecut...

INTRODUCTION Osteitis is one of the most serious complications in orthopedic surgery. Expert Tibia Nail (ETN) PROtect™ coated with a biodegradable layer of gentamicin-laden polymer was developed for prophylaxis of osteomyelitis. In systemic administration, gentamicin has only a small therapeutic index and serious side effects; it is potentially nephrotoxic as well as ototoxic. It is not yet kno...

The pharmacodynamics of an investigational glycopeptide, LY333328 (LY), alone and in combination with gentamicin, against one vancomycin-susceptible and two vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains were studied with a multiple-dose, in vitro pharmacodynamic model (PDM). Dose-range data for the PDM studies were obtained from static time-kill curve studies. In PDM experiments conducted o...

Gentamicin-induced decreases in glomerular filtration rate have been associated with a marked decline in the glomerular capillary ultrafiltration coefficient which could be mediated by mesangial cell contraction or release of vasoactive hormones. We studied the effect of gentamicin on mesangial cells proliferation, contraction and Ca2+ mobilization. Moreover, we attempted to assess a possible r...

OBJECTIVE Evidence surrounding systemic absorption of gentamicin during intraoperative irrigation of the paranasal sinuses is lacking. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) if topical gentamicin is absorbed from the paranasal sinuses, (2) if hearing loss occurs following topical administration of gentamicin, and (3) if gentamicin placed within the sinuses travels retrograde (agains...

The effect of furosemide on gentamicin excretion and tissue accumulation was studied with clearance techniques in anesthetized rats, at two different infusion rates of saline or Ringer solution. Gentamicin ( approximately 20 mg/kg) was administered by constant intravenous infusion over a period of 3 h. With the low fluid infusion rate, furosemide (25 mg/kg intravenously) caused severe reduction...