while it is a well-known fact that geopolitics is a subject of boardroom discussions that has been derived from the debth of political science, there are those who consider it to be an academic discipline, independent of both political geography and political science. yet, an etymological review of the case proves that political geography must have gained prominance as a specialist field of aca...

Space-time integration has long been the topic of study and speculation in geography. However, in recent years an entirely new form of space-time integration has become possible in GIS and GIScience: real-time space-time integration and interaction. While real-time spatiotemporal data is now being generated almost ubiquitously, and its applications in research and commerce are widespread and ra...

s: A number of ways in which mathematics is used in geography are mentioned. Plane Euclidean geometry is used in surveying small areas in the field, while spherical geometry and trigonometry are required in the construction of map projections, both traditional elements of mathematical geography. In the newer applications of mathematics to geography, topology is being used increasingly in the sp...

Time geography is a constraints-oriented approach to understanding human activities in space and time. Time geography recognizes that humans have fundamental spatial and temporal limitations: people can physically only be in one place at a time and activities occur at a sparse set of places for limited durations. Participating in an activity requires allocating scarce available time to access a...