1. Geological Time: A Summary 2. Reconstruction and Relative Dating of Earth History 2.1. Early Ideas and Basic Principles 2.2. Uniformitarianism and Catastrophism 2.3. Geological Catastrophes and Events: Particular Historical Geological Phenomena 2.4. Rates of Geological Processes in Terms of Human Timescales 2.4.1. Earth Crust Movements 2.4.2. Plutonic and Volcanic Processes 2.4.3. Weathering...

Considerable fracturing occurs around the deep mine stopes because of the mining induced stresses superimposed on the high overburden stresses encountered at these depths. The frequency and orientation of fracturing is largely affected by the presence of geological structures, as well as the stope layout and mining configurations. Being able to accurately predict the effect of these interfaces ...

Geological survey organisations (GSOs) are established by most nations to provide a geoscience knowledge base for effective decision-making on mitigating the impacts of natural hazards and global change, and on sustainable management of natural resources. The value of the knowledge base as a national asset is continually enhanced by exchange of knowledge between GSOs as data and information pro...

This paper describes a spatial-dynamic, stochastic optimization model that ta1ces account of the complexities and dependencies of catastrophic risks. Following a description of the general model, the paper briefly discusses a case study of earthquake risk in the Irkutsk region of Russia. For this purpose the risk management model is customized to explicitly incorporate the geological characteri...

The resettlement of villages strongly damaged by catastrophes during the 20th century played a key role in modification Apennine landscape Italy. Following their abandonment, remains medieval settlements progressively deteriorated ruined condition, becoming ghost often made sparse portions buildings, traces outer walls, and isolated vestiges ancient monuments colonized vegetation. Five cases ce...

In Ganzhou City, China, a complex bedrock lithology and structure, diverse topography, frequent engineering works, abundant rainfall generate frequent, sudden, small-scale landslides that are difficult to prevent control. This study integrates evidence data from field investigation of with geological-engineering analogues document the distribution development these geohazards in City. Based on ...