Current methods to produce 3-dimensional tooth root models involve conversion from radiographic means (computed tomography) or creation using computer-assisted design (CAD) software. The former lacks detail while the second is manually fabricated and can bear little resemblance to the original. Thin-plate splines have been used in morphometrics to define changes of shape between subjects of the...

Abstract Allometry has been the focus of growing interest in studies using geometric morphometric methods to address a wide range research questions at interface ecology and evolution. This study uses computer simulations compare four for estimating allometric vectors from landmark data: multivariate regression shape on measure size, first principal component (PC1) shape, PC1 conformation space...

Increasingly, data on shape are analysed in combination with molecular genetic or ecological information, so that tools for geometric morphometric analysis are required. Morphometric studies most often use the arrangements of morphological landmarks as the data source and extract shape information from them by Procrustes superimposition. The MorphoJ software combines this approach with a wide r...